Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa vs. Psychiatrist: Ndeupi Musiyano?

Zvemukati

• Kufanana uye misiyano
• Misiyano mukuita
• Varapi vepfungwa
• Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa
• Misiyano mune dzidzo
• Varapi vepfungwa
• Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa
• Kusarudza pakati pezviviri
• Kufungisisa kwemari
• Chinokosha

Kufanana uye misiyano

Mazita avo emazita akafanana, uye ivo vari vaviri vakadzidziswa kuongorora nekubata vanhu vane hutano hwepfungwa. Asi masayendisiti uye masayendisiti haana kufanana. Mumwe neumwe weaya mahunyanzvi ane musiyano wezvedzidzo, kudzidziswa, uye kuita mukurapa.

Varapi vepfungwa vane degree rekurapa pamwe nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro kubva pekugara uye hunyanzvi hwepfungwa. Ivo vanoshandisa yekurapa yekurapa, mishonga, uye kumwe kurapa kurapa vanhu vane hutano hwepfungwa mamiriro.

Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzine degree repamberi, senge PhD kana PsyD. Kazhinji kazhinji, ivo vanoshandisa kurapa kwekutaura kurapa mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa. Vanogona zvakare kuita sevanopa mazano pamwe nevamwe vanopa hutano kana kurapa kurapa kwehurongwa hwese hwekurapa.

Mhando mbiri idzi dzevapi vanofanirwa kupihwa marezenisi munzvimbo mavo kuti vadzidze. Varapi vepfungwa vakapiwawo marezenisi savanachiremba.

Verenga pamusoro kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve mutsauko uripo pakati pezviviri uye maitiro ekufunga zvaunofanira kuona.

Misiyano mukuita

Varapi vepfungwa uye vezvepfungwa vanoshandisa maturusi akasiyana ekurapa mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa. Dzimwe nguva vanoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Varapi vepfungwa

Psychiatrists vanogona kushanda mune chero eaya marongero:

• maitiro epachivande
• zvipatara
• zvipatara zvepfungwa
• zvipatara zvekuyunivhesiti
• misha inochengetwa vakwegura
• majeri
• zvirongwa zvekuvandudza
• zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza varwere

Vanowanzo bata vanhu vane hutano hwepfungwa hunoda mishonga, senge:

• kushungurudzika kwepfungwa
• kucherechedza kushomeka kwehutano kusagadzikana (ADHD)
• bipolar kusagadzikana
• kushungurudzika kukuru
• post-traumatic kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (PTSD)
• schizophrenia

Psychiatrists vanoongorora izvi uye mamwe mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa vachishandisa:

• bvunzo dzepfungwa
• kuongororwa-mumwe-mumwe
• marabhoritari anoongorora kutonga kunze kwezvakakonzera zviratidzo

Kana vachinge vaita kuongororwa, varapi vepfungwa vanogona kukuendesa kunanachiremba vezvepfungwa kana kurapwa.

Mimwe yemishonga inorapwa nevarapi vezvepfungwa vanosanganisira:

• mishonga inodzvinyirira
• antipsychotic mishonga
• mafungiro ekugadzirisa
• zvinokurudzira
• kunyaradza

Mushure mekumisikidza mumwe munhu mushonga, chiremba wepfungwa anozovacherekedza zvakanyanya zviratidzo zvekuvandudza uye chero mhedzisiro. Zvichienderana neruzivo urwu, ivo vanogona kuita shanduko kuyero kana mhando yemishonga.

Psychiatrists vanogona zvakare kupa mamwe marudzi ekurapa, kusanganisira:

• Electroconvulsive kurapa. Electroconvulsive therapy inosanganisira kuisa magetsi magetsi kuuropi. Uku kurapwa kunowanzo chengeterwa zviitiko zvekushushikana kwakanyanya kusingapindure kune chero mamwe marudzi ekurapa.
• Chiedza kurapwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa kwechiedza chakagadzirwa kurapa kushushikana kwemwaka, kunyanya munzvimbo dzisingawane zuva rakawanda.

Pakurapa vana, vanachiremba vepfungwa vachatanga nekuongorora kwakazara kwehutano hwepfungwa.Izvi zvinovabatsira kuyera zvinhu zvakawanda zviri pasi pehutano hwemwana hwepfungwa, kusanganisira zvemanzwiro, kuziva, kudzidza, mhuri, uye majini.

Chirongwa chepfungwa chepfungwa chevana chinogona kusanganisira:

• munhu, boka, kana mhuri hurukuro yekurapa
• mishonga
• kutaurirana nevamwe vanachiremba kana nyanzvi muzvikoro, masangano emagariro, kana masangano enharaunda

Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa

Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinoshanda zvakafanana nevanhu vane hutano hwepfungwa. Ivo vanoongorora aya mamiriro vachishandisa kubvunzurudzwa, kuongororwa, uye kucherechedzwa.

Imwe yemisiyano mikuru pakati pevashandi vehutano hwepfungwa ndeyekuti vanachiremba vepfungwa havagone kupa mishonga. Nekudaro, uine humwe hunyanzvi, varapi vepfungwa vanogona parizvino kunyorera mishonga mumatunhu mashanu:

• Idaho
• Iowa
• Illinois
• Louisiana
• New Mexico

Vanogona zvakare kunyorera mishonga kana vachishanda muchiuto, Indian Health Service, kana Guam.

Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa inogona kushanda mune chero marongero akafanana neechiremba wepfungwa, kusanganisira:

• maitiro epachivande
• zvipatara
• zvipatara zvepfungwa
• zvipatara zvekuyunivhesiti
• misha inochengetwa vakwegura
• majeri
• zvirongwa zvekuvandudza
• zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza varwere

Ivo vanowanzo bata vanhu nehurukuro yekurapa. Uku kurapwa kunosanganisira kugara nachiremba uye kutaura kuburikidza chero nyaya. Pamusoro pezvikamu zvezvikamu, chiremba wezvepfungwa achashanda nemumwe munhu kuvabatsira kuti vanzwisise zviratidzo zvavo uye maitiro ekuzvibata.

Kufungisisa kwehunhu hwekurapa rudzi rwekurapa kwekutaura uko vanachiremba vezvepfungwa vanowanzoshandisa. Iyo nzira inotarisa pakubatsira vanhu kukurira zvakashata mifungo uye mapatani ekufunga.

Kutaura kurapa kunogona kutora mafomu mazhinji, kusanganisira:

• mumwe-mumwe-pamwe nachiremba
• kurapa kwemhuri
• kurapa kweboka

Pakurapa vana, vanachiremba vepfungwa vanogona kuongorora nzvimbo dzisiri dzehutano hwepfungwa, kusanganisira kugona kwekuziva uye kugona kwedzidzo.

Ivo vanogona zvakare kuita mhando dzerapi idzo vanachiremba vepfungwa kazhinji vasingaite, senge yekutamba kurapwa. Rudzi urwu rwekurapa runosanganisira kurega vana vachitamba zvakasununguka muimba yekutamba isina njodzi nemitemo mishoma kana miganho.

Nekutarisa vana vachitamba, vanachiremba vepfungwa vanogona kuwana nzwisiso yehunhu hunokanganisa uye izvo mwana zvaasinganzwisise kutaura. Ivo vanogona ipapo kudzidzisa vana hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana, hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa matambudziko, uye humwe hunhu hwakanaka.

Misiyano mune dzidzo

Pamusoro pekusiyana kwekuita, varapi vepfungwa uye vezvepfungwa vanewo akasiyana masosi edzidzo uye zvinodiwa pakurovedza.

Varapi vepfungwa

Varapi vepfungwa vakapedza kudzidza kubva kuchikoro chekurapa neimwe yemadhigirii maviri:

• chiremba wemishonga (MD)
• chiremba we osteopathic mushonga (DO)

Dzidza zvakawanda nezve mutsauko uripakati pe MD ne DO.

Mushure mekuwana degree, ivo vanotora bvunzo yakanyorwa kuti vapihwe rezenisi mudunhu ravo kudzidzira kurapa.

Kuti vave chiremba wepfungwa, vanofanirwa kupedzisa makore mana ekugara. Munguva yechirongwa ichi, vanoshanda nevanhu vari muzvipatara uye kunze kwevarwere. Ivo vanodzidza maitiro ekuongorora uye kurapa mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa uchishandisa mishonga, kurapa, uye kumwe kurapa.

Varapi vepfungwa vanofanirwa kutora bvunzo yakapihwa neAmerican Board yePsychiatry uye Neurology kuti ive-bhodhi-yakasimbiswa. Ivo vanofanirwa kudzokororwa makore gumi ese.

Vamwe varapi vezvepfungwa vanowana imwezve dzidziso mune hunyanzvi, senge:

• kupindwa muropa nemishonga
• mwana uye kuyaruka psychiatry
• geriatric psychiatry
• forensic psychiatry
• mushonga unorwadza
• mushonga wekurara

Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa

Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinopedza chikoro chekupedza kudzidza uye chechiremba-chikamu chedzidzo. Ivo vanogona kuteedzera imwe yeaya madhigirii:

• chiremba weuzivi (PhD)
• chiremba wepfungwa (PsyD)

Zvinotora makore mana kusvika matanhatu kuti uwane imwe yemadhigirii aya. Kana vangowana degree, vanachiremba vepfungwa vanopedzisa rimwe gore kana maviri emakore ekudzidzira ayo anosanganisira kushanda nevanhu. Chekupedzisira, ivo vanofanirwa kutora bvunzo kuti vapihwe rezenisi mudunhu ravo.

Kufanana nevarapi vezvepfungwa, vezvepfungwa vanogona zvakare kuwana hunyanzvi kudzidziswa munzvimbo dzakaita se:

• kliniki yepfungwa
• geropsychology
• neuropsychology
• psychoanalysis
• forensic psychology
• mwana uye kuyaruka psychology

Kusarudza pakati pezviviri

Chiremba wepfungwa anogona kunge ari sarudzo iri nani kana iwe uine dambudziko rakaomarara rehutano hwepfungwa rinoda mishonga, senge:

• kushushikana kwakanyanya
• bipolar kusagadzikana
• schizophrenia

Kana iwe uchipfuura panguva yakaoma kana uchida kushanda pakunzwisisa zvirinani pfungwa dzako nemaitiro, chiremba wepfungwa anogona kunge ari nani sarudzo.

Kana iwe uri mubereki unotarisa kurapwa kwemwana wako, chiremba wepfungwa anogona kukwanisa kupa dzakasiyana mhando dzerapi sarudzo, senge yekutamba kurapwa. Chiremba wepfungwa anogona kunge ari sarudzo iri nani kana mwana wako aine dambudziko repfungwa rinoda kurapwa.

Ramba uchifunga kuti akawanda akajairika hutano hutano hwepfungwa, kusanganisira kushushikana uye kushushikana, zvinowanzo kurapwa nekubatanidzwa kwemushonga uye hurukuro yekurapa.

Muzviitiko izvi, zvinowanzobatsira kuona zvese chiremba wepfungwa uye chiremba wepfungwa. Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa ichaita nguva dzese yekurapa, uku chiremba wepfungwa achigadzirisa mishonga.

Chero ipi nyanzvi yaunosarudza kuona, ita shuwa kuti vane:

• ruzivo rwekurapa mhando yako yehutano hwepfungwa
• nzira uye maitiro zvinoita kuti unzwe kugadzikana
• nguva dzakasununguka dzakasununguka kuitira kuti usamirire kuti uonekwe

Kufungisisa kwemari

Kana iwe uine inishuwarenzi, ungangoda kubvunza chiremba wako wekutanga wekutumira kuti uendese kune vese chiremba wepfungwa uye chiremba wepfungwa. Zvimwe zvirongwa zvinogona kukurega iwe uone zvese pasina kutumirwa.

Kana iwe usina inishuwarenzi uye uine hanya nemari yekurapa, uchine sarudzo. Funga kusvika kune macollege emuno aine psychiatry, psychology, kana maitiro ehutano zvirongwa. Vanogona kupa mahara kana emutengo wakaderera masevhisi anopiwa nevadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza vachitarisirwa nehunyanzvi.

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinopawo iyo yekutsvedza-siki yekubhadhara sarudzo. Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kubhadhara izvo zvaunogona kutenga. Usanzwe kusagadzikana kubvunza kana mumwe munhu achipa izvi; iwo mubvunzo wakajairika kune vepfungwa. Kana vasingazokupe mhinduro kana kuita sevasingade kukurukura nemitengo newe, ivo vanogona kunge vasina kukodzera iwe, zvakadaro.

NeedyMeds, isingabatsiri yakatsaurirwa kubatsira vanhu kuti vawane mishonga inodhura uye mishonga, inopawo maturusi ekutsvaga makiriniki emitengo yakaderera nemitero pamushonga.

Chinokosha

Psychiatrists uye psychologists ndiwo marudzi maviri evanoziva nezvehutano hwepfungwa. Kunyange ivo vaine fanano yakati wandei, ivo vanoita akasiyana mabasa munzvimbo dzehutano.

Ose anobata akasiyana mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa, asi nenzira dzakasiyana. Nepo varapi vezvepfungwa vachiwanzoshandisa musanganiswa werapi nemushonga, vanachiremba vepfungwa vanotarisa pakupa kurapa.