Zvinodiwa neVasikana Vechidiki Nezve Kudhakwa

Zvemukati

• Zvinotaurwa neStats
• Chii Chiri Kuseri Kwekukwira
• Zviratidzo Zvekudhakwa
• Ongororo ye

Kubva pakuungana kwebrunch kusvika kumazuva ekutanga kuenda kumapati ezororo, hazvirambike kuti doro rine basa guru muhupenyu hwedu hwekugarisana. Uye kunyangwe vazhinji vedu tichiziva mabhenefiti ehutano ekunwa zvishoma (Ed Sheeran akarasikirwa nemapaundi makumi mashanu nekungocheka doro), vanhu vazhinji vanozeza kurega kunwa kweinopfuura mwedzi (tarisa kwauri iwe Dry Ndira!).

Asi zvinokonzeresa zvekunwa doro zvakanyanya zvinodarika kutakura mamwe mapaundi ekuwedzera: Huwandu hwevechidiki (makore makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu nemana) vari kufa nechirwere chechiropa uye cirrhosis iri kukurumidza kuwedzera, maererano neongororo itsva yakabudiswa. BMJ-uye chidhakwa cirrhosis ndiye mutyairi wekutanga kuwedzera uku kunouraya. Maitiro aya anoenderana-nenyaya yekuti kudhakwa kuri kuwedzera uye kuri kukurumidza kukura mune vakadzi, kunyanya pakati pevakadzi vadiki.

Kana idzi dziri nhau kwauri, tiri pano kuti tipindure mimwe mibvunzo yakakosha, senge kuti ndiani chaizvo ari panjodzi, chii chiri kukonzeresa shanduko, uye ndeapi maitiro ane chekuita nedoro aunofanira kungwarira.

Zvinotaurwa neStats

Ongororo yazvino yakabudiswa mu JAMA Psychiatry akatarisa kunwa doro muUS kubva 2001 kusvika 2002 uye kubva 2012 kusvika 2013, ndokuona kuti munhu mukuru muasere muUS anosangana nezvinodiwa nedoro rekushandisa doro, aka kudhakwa. Chidzidzo ichi chakatarisa kune vanhu vairatidza zviratidzo zvekunwa doro zvisina mwero kana kudhakwa nedoro, zvese izvi zvinobatsira kusangana nenzira dzekuongororwa nedoro. (Kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti chii chinokodzera kushandiswa kwedoro kana kutsamira, unogona kuwana ruzivo rwese kuburikidza neNational Institutes of Health.)

Izvo zvinoshamisira pachazvo, asi heino chaicho chinotyisa: Pakati pevakuru vari pasi pemakore makumi matatu, mumwe chete muvana anosangana nematanho. Iyo nhamba inoshamisa. Rimwe remapoka akaona kuwedzera kukuru mukushandiswa pakati pe2001 na2013? Vakadzi. Uye handizvo chete nhamba dziri kutaura nyaya iyi. Vanorapa vari kuona kuwedzera kwevarwere vechikadzi, zvakare-kunyanya vadiki. "Ndaona kusimuka kwakasimba," anodaro Charlynn Ruan, Ph.D., Los Angeles-based clinical psychologist uye muvambi weThrive Psychology LA. "Ini ndinoshanda zvakanyanya nevakadzi, uye kushandisa doro inyaya hombe nezera rangu rekoreji uye nevatambi vepamberi pabasa."

Iyo tsika inogara kure kupfuura kukoreji, zvakadaro. "Kutsvagisa kwazvino kunongedza kukwira mukunwa doro muboka rezera revechidiki, kubva pamakumi maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu nemana," anodaro Joseph Galati, MD, Houston-based hepatologist anonyanya kutarisira varwere vane chirwere chechiropa. "Vamwe vakazvibatanidza nekuderera kwehupfumi makore gumi apfuura, asi vamwe vanogona kuratidza maonero ehupfumi akavandudzwa uye mari inoraswa yekushandisa muvaraidzo uye kunwa doro. Mukuita kwangu, ndakaona kuwedzera kwekudhakwa pakupera kwevhiki; "izvo zvinotakura zvakashata. Ruzhinji rwevechidiki havanyatsonzwisisa njodzi dzinowanikwa mukunwa doro, kubheta, uye mutsauko wehutachiona hwechiropa pakati pevarume nevakadzi."

Ichokwadi: Doro rinokanganisa miviri yevakadzi zvakasiyana neyevarume, maererano neNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Vakadzi vanokurumidza kudhakwa uye vanogadzira doro zvakasiyana. Uyezve, kunwa zvakanyanya (zvinoreva zvinwiwa zvisere kana kupfuura pasvondo, maererano neCDC) zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yezvimwe zvirwere, kunyanya kenza yemazamu uye chirwere chepfungwa.

Kunyangwe vasiri vese vanhu vanoita kunwira kudhakwa zvidhakwa, tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti vakadzi vezera rekoreji vane mukana wekupfuudza yakakurudzirwa nhungamiro yekunwa kupfuura varume vezera rekoreji. Uye FYI, kuti ionekwe se "doro," munhu anoda kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekudhakwa nedoro kana kudhakwa-zvinoreva kuti kana vari kutarisana nemigumisiro yakaipa yehupenyu nekuda kwekunwa kwavo kana kuti vanoshuva doro nguva dzose. Uye zvichiri zvechokwadi kuti varume vane mukana wakanyanya kupfuura vakadzi kuve zvidhakwa (izvozvi zvirevo zvinoratidza kuti 4.5 muzana yevarume muUS vanokodzera kunge chidhakwa nepo vangori zvikamu zviviri kubva muzana zvevakadzi, kunyangwe ese ari maviri manhamba angangodaro akura kubva pakutsvagurudza uku. yakaitwa), kune ruzivo rwakaderera pamusoro pezvinhu zvakakomba zvinotarisana nevakadzi zvine chekuita nekudhakwa, nyanzvi dzinodaro. "Pachiratidzo chekutanga chechinetso vakadzi vanofanirwa kucherechedza, sezvo kushandiswa kwemishonga yevakadzi kunowanzo fambira mberi nekukurumidza kubva pakushandisa kwekutanga kusvika pakujairira kupfuura varume," anodaro Patricia O'Gorman, Ph.D., chiremba wezvepfungwa uye munyori.

Chii Chiri Kuseri Kwekukwira

Kazhinji, vakadzi vanodzidza maitiro ane chekuita nedoro mukoreji-kana kunyangwe kusekondari. Ndozvakaitika kuna Emily, ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu akasvinura aine makore 21. "Kunwa kwangu kwekutanga doro ndisina kubvumidzwa nevabereki vangu kwaive nemakore gumi nemashanu," anodaro. Zvakatanga sekushomeka, ndokuzogadzirwa kuita chimwe chinhu chinowedzera-kunwa uye kuzvibata zvisina tsarukano-neake eudiki uye makore ekuchikoro chesekondari. "Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kwemakore matatu kusvikira mushure mekuberekwa kwangu kwe21. Ndakanga ndiri mumwe wezvidhakwa zvisina kutora nguva kuti zvionekwe mukupindwa muropa kwakazara-kubva pa0 kusvika ku90 isingasviki miniti."

Nyanzvi dzinoti chiitiko chaEmily hachina kujairika, uye zvishoma chikamu nekuda kwemifananidzo iyo vechidiki vanoratidzwa. “Tinogara munharaunda umo doro rinoshambadzwa zvakanyanya sechinhu chinopedza magariro kuti zvikubatsire kupinda mumamiriro matsva, kuzorora, uye kuva nenguva yakanaka,” anodaro O'Gorman. Nemifananidzo yakawanda yedoro uye "mabhenefiti" ayo, zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti vechidiki vanokudziridza sei kushamwaridzana kwakanaka nezvinhu. Ingotarisa iyo yekunyepera Instagram account yakagadzirirwa kusimudzira kuziva nezve kudhakwa, kwakaunganidza vateveri ve68,000 mumwedzi miviri chete. Sangano rekushambadzira rakabatanidza iyo account, iyo yairatidza mukadzi wechidiki aitaridzika zvakanaka aine doro risingaonekwe rinowanikwa mune yega positi, kune yavo yekupindwa muropa kudzoreredza mutengi, uye vakaratidza zviri nyore pfungwa yavo kuti hakungoshandisi doro muvanhu vechidiki chete. isingazivikanwe, asi vanhu vanofarira kuona mifananidzo inopenya yedoro.

Nezve chikonzero nei vakadzi vakawanda vari kunwa doro kupfuura kare, nyanzvi dzinoti pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatanidzwa. “Chimwe ndechokuti zvinotarisirwa nenzanga netsika zvachinja,” anodaro Jennifer Wider, M.D., nyanzvi yezveutano hwevakadzi. Chidzidzo chazvino mu JAMA Psychiatry akataura kuti sezvo vakadzi vakawanda vanopinda mubasa nokuda kwekuwedzera kwemabasa nedzidzo, mwero wavo wokunwa doro unogona kuwedzerawo.” Kunyange zvazvo pasina tsvakurudzo yechokwadi yokuti sei izvi zviri izvo chaizvo, zvingangove zvichikonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai. sevakadzi nevarume vanowana zvakafanana nhanho dzekushushikana zvine chekuita nebasa, kana kuda "kuramba uchikwirana" nekunwa nevanhu munharaunda muhofisi.

Chekupedzisira, pane chokwadi chekuti vadiki vakadzi kunyanya havazivikanwe kuti vari "panjodzi" yekudhakwa nedoro, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zviome kuziva. "Ndinoshuva kuti dai vanhu vaiziva kuti zera hachisi chinhu chekutarisa kuti ungave chidhakwa here kana kuti kwete," anodaro Emily. "Ndakazviudza kwemakore kuti ndakanga ndichiri muduku zvikuru kuti ndive chidhakwa uye kuti ndaingonakidzwa sevamwe vose vari kuchikoro chesekondari, mwana wekoroji, (unozadza pasina)." Kubva pane vakapindwa muropa iye zvino kune avo vari kupora, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti vanhu vevose varume kana vakadzi uye mumazera ese vane njodzi. "Stereotype yemisangano-nhanho-misangano iri kuzara zvizere nevarume vezera repakati ingori iyo-stereotype."

Zviratidzo Zvekudhakwa

Kunwa doro hakusi pachena nguva dzose, kunyanya muvanhu vanowanzova nehupenyu hwavo "pamwe chete." "Munhu anogona kudzora vhiki rese, ozonwa zvakanyanya pavhiki," anodaro Ruan. "Kune rimwe divi remitambo, mukadzi anogona kubhowekana husiku hwoga hwoga, asi asingazonwi. Musiyano wakakosha ndewekuti kunwa kwake kunokanganisa sei mashandiro ake, hukama, uye hutano." Kana imwe yenzvimbo idzi ichitambura uye kuedza kuderedza kunwa kusingashande, panogona kunge paine nyaya inoda kugadziriswa.

"Handina kunwa mazuva ese," anodaro Katy, ane makore makumi matatu nemaviri ekuberekwa anga akasvinura kwemakore mana. "Ndaigara ndiri chidhakwa. Ndaipedza mazuva kana mavhiki ndisina, asi pandaidya, kudzora huwandu hwandaidya kwaisambobvira. Handina kumbokwanisa kurega kunwa pandakatanga, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu epati." anoti. Izvi chaizvo zvakajairika, zvinoenderana naO'Gorman, uye kune vazhinji, zvinoita kuti kuziva nyaya yacho kuve kwakaoma. "Kupindwa muropa kune chekuita nemugumisiro une mushonga pauri, zvakanyanya kupfuura kuti unoishandisa kangani, uye izvi zvinotaura nezve biology yekushungurudzwa uye kupindwa muropa," anotsanangura. "Kana iwe uchingonwa kamwe chete pagore asi usingakwanise kudzora kuti unonwa zvakadii uye usingakwanise kurangarira zvawakaita, saka une dambudziko."

Saka chii chaunofanirwa kuita kana iwe uchinetseka nezve kunwa kwako? “Taura nachiremba wako mukuru anotarisira kana kuti chiremba wepfungwa kana kuti chipangamazano,” anokarakadza kudaro Thomas Franklin, M.D., mutungamiriri wezvokurapa weThe Retreat at Sheppard Pratt. "Kazhinji kazhinji zvikamu zvishoma zvekupa mazano zvinobatsira zvakanyanya. Kune zvakanyanya kukanganisika kwekushandisa doro, kune huwandu hwakawanda hwekuchengetwa hunowanikwa kubva kuvarapi vekunze kuburikidza nekugara kwenguva yakareba kwekugara uko kune mhedzisiro yakanaka kune avo vanogona kuitora zvakanyanya. Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA) misangano inoshanda kune vanhu vazhinji, zvakare. " Uyezve, nevanhu vakawanda mumaziso evanhu vanovhura pamusoro pekuzvidzora kwavo kana kuti vakanetseka kuti varambe vakagadzikana (Demi Lovato pakati pavo) uye tsvakurudzo yakawanda iri kuitwa pamusoro pekudhakwa kwedoro uye chii chinozvikonzera, ramangwana rinopfuura tariro.

Ongororo ye