Dementia

Dementia kurasikirwa kwehuropi basa kunoitika nezvimwe zvirwere. Inobata ndangariro, kufunga, mutauro, kutonga, uye maitiro.

Dementia inowanzoitika mukukwegura. Mhando zhinji hadziwanzo kuwanikwa muvanhu vari pasi pemakore makumi matanhatu. Njodzi ye dementia inowedzera apo munhu anokura.

Mazhinji marudzi ehumwe pfungwa haadzoreke (degenerative). Isingadzoreke zvinoreva shanduko muhuropi iyo iri kukonzera kuora mwoyo haigone kumiswa kana kudzoserwa kumashure.Chirwere cheAlzheimer ndiyo yakajairika mhando ye dementia.

Imwe mhando yakajairika ye dementia ndeye vascular dementia. Inokonzereswa nekusarongeka kweropa kuyerera kuenda kuuropi, sekurohwa nesitiroko.

Lewy chirwere chemuviri chinowanzo kukonzeresa kuora mwoyo muvakuru vakura. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vane mapuroteni asina kujairika mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehuropi.

Aya anotevera mamiriro ekurapa anogona zvakare kutungamira ku dementia:

• Huntington chirwere
• Kukuvara kwehuropi
• Multiple sclerosis
• Zvirwere zvakadai seHIV / AIDS, syphilis, uye chirwere cheLyme
• Parkinson chirwere
• Sarudza chirwere
• Kufambira mberi supranuclear palsy

Zvimwe zvikonzero zvekushushikana zvinogona kumiswa kana kudzoreredzwa kana zvikanowanikwa munguva pfupi, kusanganisira:

• Kukuvara kwehuropi
• Mamota ehuropi
• Yenguva refu (isingaperi) kudhakwa nedoro
• Shanduko muropa shuga, sodium, uye calcium mazinga (kuora mwoyo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemagetsi)
• Low vitamini B12 nhanho
• Kazhinji kumanikidzwa hydrocephalus
• Kushandiswa kwemimwe mishonga, kusanganisira cimetidine uye mamwe macholesterol zvinodhaka
• Humwe hutachiona hutachiona

Zviratidzo zveDementia zvinosanganisira kunetseka nenzvimbo zhinji dzepfungwa kushanda, kusanganisira:

• Hunhu hwepamoyo kana hunhu
• Mutauro
• Ndangariro
• Maonero
• Kufunga uye kutonga (kugona kuziva)

Dementia kazhinji inotanga kuoneka sekukanganwa.

Hunyoro hwekuziva kusagadzikana (MCI) idanho pakati pekukanganwa zvakajairika nekuda kwekukwegura uye kusimudzira kwekutadza kuora mwoyo. Vanhu vane MCI vane zvishoma zvinyoronyoro nekufunga uye ndangariro izvo zvisingakanganise zviitiko zvezuva nezuva. Vanowanzoziva nezvekukanganwa kwavo. Haasi munhu wese ane MCI anovandudza dementia.

Zviratidzo zveMCI zvinosanganisira:

• Zvakaoma kuita zvinopfuura rimwe basa panguva
• Kuoma kugadzirisa matambudziko kana kuita sarudzo
• Kukanganwa mazita evanhu vaunoziva, zviitiko zvenguva ichangopfuura, kana hurukuro
• Kutora nguva yakareba kuti uite zvakanyanya kuomarara zviitiko zvepfungwa

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvehungwaru zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kunetsekana nemabasa anotora kufunga, asi izvo zvaiuya zviri nyore, senge kuenzanisa bhuku rekutarisa, kutamba mitambo (senge zambuko), uye kudzidza ruzivo rutsva kana maitiro
• Kurasika munzira dzinozivikanwa
• Matambudziko emitauro, senge dambudziko nemazita ezvinhu zvinozivikanwa
• Kurasikirwa nechido muzvinhu zvakambonakidzwa, zvakadzikama mamiriro
• Kuisa zvisirizvo zvinhu
• Hunhu hunoshanduka uye kurasikirwa kwehunyanzvi hwemagariro, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune zvisina kufanira maitiro
• Maitiro anochinja anotungamira kune hutsinye hunhu
• Kuita kwakashata kwemabasa ebasa
  

Sezvo kuora mwoyo kuri kuramba kuchikura, zviratidzo zvinonyanya kuoneka uye zvinokanganisa kugona kuzvitarisira. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Chinja maitiro ekurara, kazhinji kumuka husiku
• Kuoma nemabasa akakosha, sekugadzira chikafu, kusarudza mbatya dzakakodzera, kana kutyaira
• Kukanganwa ruzivo nezve zviitiko zvazvino
• Kukanganwa zviitiko muhupenyu hwehupenyu hwako, kurasikirwa nekuzviziva
• Kuva nekufungidzira, kupokana, kurova, uye hunhu hwechisimba
• Kuva nekunyengera, kushushikana, uye kusagadzikana
• Kuwedzera kuoma kuverenga kana kunyora
• Kutadza kutonga uye kurasikirwa kwesimba rekuziva njodzi
• Kushandisa izwi risiri iro, kusadudza mazwi nemazvo, kutaura nemitsara inokanganisa
• Kurega kushamwaridzana nevanhu

Vanhu vane dementia yakakomba havachagone:

• Ita zviitiko zvekurarama kwezuva nezuva, sekudya, kupfeka, uye kugeza
• Ziva nhengo dzemhuri
• Nzwisisa mutauro

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika ne dementia:

• Matambudziko ekudzora ura kana weti
• Kumedza matambudziko

Ane hunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza hutano anogona kazhinji kuongorora dementia achishandisa zvinotevera:

• Pedza bvunzo dzepanyama, kusanganisira bvunzo dzehurongwa hwemagetsi
• Kubvunza nezve nhoroondo yemunhu yekurapa uye zviratidzo
• Zvepfungwa basa bvunzo (wepfungwa mamiriro bvunzo)

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kurairwa kuti uone kana mamwe matambudziko angave ari kukonzera kuora mwoyo kana kuita kuti zviwedzere. Aya mamiriro anosanganisira:

• Anemia
• Bundu rebongo
• Yenguva refu (isingaperi) hutachiona
• Kudhakwa kubva kumishonga
• Kushungurudzika kwakanyanya
• Utachiona chirwere
• Vitamin kushomeka

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kuitwa:

• Chikamu cheB12
• Ropa ammonia chikamu
• Ropa kemesitiri (chem-20)
• Ropa gasi kuongorora
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kuongorora
• Zvinodhaka kana doro mazinga (toxicology screen)
• Electroencephalograph (EEG)
• Musoro CT
• Mamiriro epfungwa bvunzo
• MRI yemusoro
• Utachiona hwehutachiona hunoedza, kusanganisira utachiona hunokurudzira hormone (TSH)
• Utachiona hunokurudzira huwandu hwehomoni
• Kuongorora urinal

Kurapa kunoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu anokonzeresa kuora mwoyo. Vamwe vanhu vangangoda kugara muchipatara kwenguva pfupi.

Dzimwe nguva, mushonga wekuora mwoyo unogona kuita kuti kuvhiringidzika kwemunhu kuwedzere. Kumisa kana kushandura iyi mishonga chikamu chekurapa.

Kumwe kurovedza kwepfungwa kunogona kubatsira neundangariro.

Kurapa mamiriro anogona kutungamira mukuvhiringidzika kazhinji kunovandudza mashandiro epfungwa. Aya mamiriro anosanganisira:

• Anemia
• Yakaderera ropa okisijeni (hypoxia)
• Kushungurudzika
• Kutadza kwemoyo
• Zvirwere
• Matambudziko ezvehutano
• Matambudziko ehutachiona

Mishonga inogona kushandiswa ku:

• Inononoka chiyero icho zviratidzo zvinowedzera, asi kuvandudzika nemishonga iyi kungave kuri kudiki
• Chengetedza matambudziko nemaitiro, senge kurasikirwa kwekutonga kana nyonganiso

Mumwe munhu ane dementia anoda rutsigiro mumba chirwere chichiwedzera. Nhengo dzemhuri kana vamwe vachengeti vanogona kubatsira nekubatsira munhu wacho kuti akunde nekukanganwa ndangariro uye maitiro uye matambudziko ekurara. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti dzimba dzevanhu vane dementia dzakachengeteka kwavari.

Vanhu vane MCI havawanzo gadzira dementia. Kana dhementia ikaitika, inowanzo nyanyisa nekufamba kwenguva. Dementia inowanzo kudzikira hupenyu hwehupenyu nehupenyu hwehupenyu. Mhuri dzingangoda kuronga zvekuchengetwa kwemudiwa wavo mune ramangwana.

Fonera mupiki wako kana:

• Dementia inokura kana kamwe kamwe shanduko muchimiro chepfungwa inoitika
• Mamiriro emunhu ane dementia anotowedzera
• Iwe haugone kuchengeta munhu ane dementia kumba

Zvakawanda zvinokonzeresa kuora mwoyo hazvidziviririke.

Ngozi yevascular dementia inogona kuderedzwa nekudzivirira kurohwa kuburikidza:

• Kudya chikafu chine hutano
• Kudzidzira
• Kurega kusvuta
• Kudzora kukwira kweropa
• Kugadzirisa chirwere cheshuga

Chirwere chepfungwa chisingaperi; Lewy kuderera kwemuviri; DLB; Vascular dementia; Hunyoro hwekuziva kutadza; MCI

• Kutaurirana nemumwe munhu ane aphasia
• Kutaurirana nemumwe munhu ane dysarthria
• Dementia uye kutyaira
• Dementia - maitiro uye matambudziko ekurara
• Dementia - kuchengetwa kwemazuva ese
• Dementia - kuchengetedza zvakachengeteka mumba
• Dementia - chii chekubvunza chiremba wako
• Kudya mamwe macalorie kana uchirwara - vakuru
• Kudzivirira kudonha

• Ubongo
• Tsinga dzehuropi

Knopman DS. Kukanganisa kwekuziva uye mamwe madhechi. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 374.

Peterson R, Graff-Radford J. Chirwere cheAlzheimer uye mamwe madhenda. Mune: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology muClinical Dzidzira. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits. 95.

Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, et al. Dzidzira hutungamiriri gadziriso pfupiso: hunyoro hwekuziva kusakwana: chirevo cheNongedzo Yekusimudzira, Kuparadzira, uye Implementation Subcommittee yeAmerican Academy yeNeurology. Neurology. 2018; 90 (3): 126-135. PMID: 29282327 yakashambadzirwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29282327.