Cerebral hypoxia

Cerebral hypoxia inoitika kana pasina oxygen yakakwana inosvika kuuropi. Uropi hunoda kugara huchipiwa oxygen nemuviri kuti ushande.

Cerebral hypoxia inokanganisa zvikamu zvikuru zvehuropi, inonzi cerebral hemispheres. Zvisinei, izwi iri rinowanzo shandiswa kureva kushomeka kwe oxygen kuuropi hwese.

Mune cerebral hypoxia, dzimwe nguva kungowanikwa kweoxygen ndiko kunokanganiswa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa ne:

• Kufema muutsi (kuputa mweya), senge panguva yemoto
• Carbon monoxide chepfu
• Choking
• Zvirwere zvinodzivirira kufamba (kuoma mitezo) yemhasuru yekufema, senge amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• Nzvimbo dzakakwirira
• Kushushikana pa (kudzvinyirira) iyo windpipe (trachea)
• Kudzipwa

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ese okisijeni uye chikafu chinogadzirwa chinomiswa, chinokonzerwa ne:

• Cardiac kusungwa (kana moyo ukamira kupomba)
• Cardiac arrhythmia (moyo mutinhimira matambudziko)
• Matambudziko eanesthesia yakajairika
• Kunyura
• Kunwisa zvinodhaka
• Kukuvara kumwana achangozvarwa kwakaitika pamberi, panguva, kana nguva pfupi achangoberekwa, senge cerebral palsy
• Kurohwa
• Yakanyanya yakaderera BP

Maseru ehuropi anonyanya kufunga nezvekushayikwa kweokisijeni. Mamwe maseru ehuropi anotanga kufa isingasvike maminetsi mashanu mushure mekunge oxygen yaenda. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huropi hypoxia inogona kukurumidza kukonzera kukomba kwakakomba kwehuropi kana kufa.

Zviratidzo zvehunyoro hweperesi hypoxia zvinosanganisira:

• Chinja mukutarisa (kusatarisira)
• Kutadza kutonga
• Kusafambidzana kufamba

Zviratidzo zveakakomba cerebral hypoxia anosanganisira:

• Kuzadza kusaziva uye kusaita hanya (coma)
• Hapana kufema
• Hapana kupindura kwevadzidzi veziso kuchiedza

Cerebral hypoxia inowanzoonekwa ichionekwa zvichienderana nehutano hwemunhu uye kuongororwa kwemuviri. Kuyedza kunoitwa kuti uone chikonzero cheiyo hypoxia, uye inogona kusanganisira:

• Angiogram yeuropi
• Kuongororwa kweropa, kusanganisira arterial eropa magasi uye eropa makemikari mazinga
• CT scan yemusoro
• Echocardiogram, iyo inoshandisa ultrasound kuona moyo
• Electrocardiogram (ECG), chiyero chechiitiko chemagetsi emoyo
• Electroencephalogram (EEG), kuyedzwa kwemafungu europi ayo anogona kuona kubatwa uye kuratidza mashandiro anoita maseru ehuropi
• Kubvisa mukana, muyedzo unotarisa kuti kumwe kunzwa, kwakadai sekuona nekubata, kunosvika kuuropi
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yemusoro

Kana chete kukanganiswa kweropa uye kushanda kwemoyo kuchiramba, uropi hunogona kufa zvachose.

Cerebral hypoxia inoitika nechimbichimbi inoda kurapwa ipapo ipapo. Iyo inokurumidza iyo oxygen kuisirwa kudzoreredzwa kuuropi, iyo yakaderera iyo njodzi yekukuvara kwakakomba kwehuropi uye kufa.

Kurapa kunoenderana nechikonzero cheiyo hypoxia. Hupenyu hwekutsigira hupenyu hwakanyanya kukosha. Kurapa kunosanganisira:

• Kufema rubatsiro (mechanical ventilation) uye oxygen
• Kudzora kurova kwemoyo uye mutinhimira
• Mvura, zvigadzirwa zveropa, kana mishonga yekusimudza BP kana iri shoma
• Mishonga kana general anesthetics kudzikamisa pfari

Dzimwe nguva munhu ane cerebral hypoxia anotonhorerwa kudzikamisa mashandiro emaseru ehuropi uye kudzikisa kudiwa kwavo kwe oxygen. Zvisinei, kubatsirwa kwekurapa uku hakuna kunyatso kusimbiswa.

Iko kutaridzika kunoenderana nehukuru hwekukuvara kwehuropi. Izvi zvinotariswa nekureba kwehuropi kushaya okisijeni, uye kana chikafu kuhuropi chakakanganiswa zvakare.

Kana iyo uropi ikashaiwa okisijeni kwenguva pfupi chete, coma inogona kudzoserwa uye munhu anogona kuve nekuzara kuzere kana kukwana chikamu chebasa. Vamwe vanhu vanotora mashandiro mazhinji, asi vane mafambiro asina kujairika, akadai sekukwiza kana kukwenya, kunonzi myoclonus. Kugwinha kunogona dzimwe nguva kuitika, uye kunogona kuenderera (chimiro epilepticus).

Vazhinji vanhu vanoita kupora kuzere vaingoziva zvishoma. Kureba kwekuti munhu haazive, kukwira njodzi yekufa kana kufa kwehuropi, uye kudzikira mikana yekudzoka.

Matambudziko ecerebral hypoxia anosanganisira iyo yakareba yekudyara mamiriro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu anogona kuve neakakosha ehupenyu mabasa, sekufema, BP, kurara-kumuka kutenderera, uye kuvhura kwemaziso, asi munhu wacho haana kusvinura uye haapindure kune vakamukomberedza. Vanhu vakadai vanowanzofa mukati megore, kunyange vamwe vangararama kwenguva yakareba.

Kureba kwekupona kunoenderana nechero kutarisirwa kwakawanda kunoitwa kudzivirira mamwe matambudziko. Matambudziko makuru anogona kusanganisira:

• Maronda emubhedha
• Kuvhara mukati mutsinga (yakadzika vein thrombosis)
• Zvirwere zvemapapu (pneumonia)
• Kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri

Cerebral hypoxia chirwere chekukurumidzira. Fonera 911 kana iyo yemuno emergency emergency nhamba kana mumwe munhu ari kurasikirwa nekuziva kana ane zvimwe zviratidzo zvecerebral hypoxia.

Kudzivirira kunoenderana nechikonzero chaicho chehypoxia. Nehurombo, hypoxia inowanzo kutarisirwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti mamiriro acho ave akaoma kudzivirira.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) inogona kuponesa, kunyanya kana yatanga ipapo ipapo.

Hypoxic encephalopathy; Enhetiki yekufungidzira

Fugate JE, Wijdicks EFM. Anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Mune: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology muClinical Dzidzira. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits. 83.

Greer DM, Bernat JL. Coma, nyika inomera, uye kufa kwehuropi. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 376.

Lumb AB, Thomas C. Hypoxia. Mune: Lumb AB, Thomas C, ed. Nunn naLumb's Yakafemerwa Kufema Physiology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chitsiko 23.