Kukwegura kuchinja mumapfupa - mhasuru - majoini

Shanduko mukumira uye gait (yekufamba nzira) zvakajairika nekukwegura. Shanduko paganda nebvudzi zvakajairika.

Mafupa anopa rutsigiro uye chimiro kune muviri. Majoini ndiyo nzvimbo inoungana mabhonzo. Vanobvumira marangwanda kuti achinjike pakufamba. Mukubatana, mapfupa haanyatsobatana. Panzvimbo iyoyo, ivo vanosunganidzwa nehutanda mujoini, synovial membranes yakatenderedza mubatanidzwa, uye mvura.

Tsandanyama dzinopa simba uye simba rekufambisa muviri. Kugadziriswa kunotungamirwa nehuropi, asi zvinokanganiswa neshanduko mumhasuru nemajoini. Shanduko mumhasuru, majoini, uye mapfupa zvinokanganisa mamiriro uye kufamba, uye zvinotungamira mukushaya simba uye kunonoka kufamba.

KUCHINJA KUKURA

Vanhu vanorasikirwa nemapfupa kana kuwanda sezvavanokwegura, kunyanya vakadzi mushure mekuguma kuenda kumwedzi. Mapfupa anorasikirwa necalcium uye nezvimwe zvicherwa.

Iyo musana wakagadzirwa nemapfupa anonzi vertebrae. Pakati pebfupa rega rega pane jira-rakafanana nemutsago (unonzi diski). Nekuchembera, pakati pemuviri (trunk) inova ipfupi sezvo dhisiki zvishoma nezvishoma inorasikirwa nehunyoro uye inoonda.

Vertebrae inorasikirwawo nezvimwe zvemamineral zvirimo, ichiita kuti rimwe nerimwe bhonzo rionda. Mutsara wepelinha unova wakakombama uye wakamanikidzwa (wakazara pamwechete) Bone spurs inokonzerwa nekukwegura uye kwese kushandiswa kwemuzongoza kunogona zvakare kuumba pane vertebrae.

Makumbo emabhureki anova mashoma kududzira, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kudiki kwehurefu.

Mapfupa marefu emaoko nemakumbo zvakanyanya kupwanyika nekuda kwekurasikirwa nemamineral, asi haachinje hurefu. Izvi zvinoita kuti maoko nemakumbo zvioneke zvakareba kana zvichienzaniswa nechitunha chakapfupiswa.

Iwo majoini anoomarara uye asingachinjiki. Fluid mumajoini inogona kudzikira. Shwashwa inogona kutanga kukwiza pamwechete uye kupera. Zvicherwa zvinogona kuisa mukati nekukomberedza mamwe majoini (calcification). Izvi zvakajairika kutenderedza bendekete.

Hip nemabvi majoini anogona kutanga kurasikirwa nekartilage (degenerative changes). Iwo mapfundo emunwe anorasikirwa necartilage uye mapfupa akaumbana zvishoma. Minwe majoini shanduko, kazhinji kazhinji bony kuzvimba kunonzi maosteophytes, anowanzoitika kune vakadzi. Shanduko idzi dzinogona kugarwa nhaka.

Kuonda kwemuviri mashoma kunodzikira. Uku kuderera kunokonzereswa nekurasikirwa kwemhasuru nyama (atrophy). Iko kumhanya uye huwandu hwekuchinja kwemhasuru kunoita kunge kuri kukonzerwa nemajini. Shanduko dzemhasuru dzinowanzo tanga muma 20s mune varume uye muma40s mune vakadzi.

Lipofuscin (pigment inosangana nezera) uye mafuta anoiswa munyama yemhasuru. Tsinga dzemhasuru dzinodzikira. Tsvina yemhasuru inotsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Yakarasika mhasuru nyama inogona kutsiviwa neyakaomarara fibrous tishu. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka mumawoko, ayo anogona kutaridzika kunge akaonda uye ari bony.

Tsandanyama hadzina toni shoma uye hadzikwanise kubatika nekuda kweshanduko yemhasuru yemhasuru uye kujairika kwekukwegura shanduko muhurongwa hwemitsipa. Tsandanyama dzinogona kuomarara nezera uye dzinogona kurasikirwa netoni, kunyangwe nekurovedza muviri nguva dzose.

ZVINOGONESESA ZVINOGONESA

Mapfupa anowedzera kupwanya uye anogona kutyoka zviri nyore. Kureba kwese kunodzikira, kunyanya nekuti trunk nemuzongoza zvinopfupika.

Kuputsika kwemajoini kunogona kutungamira mukuzvimba, kurwadziwa, kuomarara, uye hurema. Shanduko dzakajairika dzinokanganisa vangangoita vese vanhu vakuru. Idzi shanduko dzinotangira pakuomesera kudiki kusvika kune yakaoma arthritis.

Mamiriro acho anogona kuwedzera kukotama (kukotama). Mabvi nehudyu zvinogona kuwedzera kushanduka. Mutsipa unogona kukombama, uye mapendekete anogona kutetepa apa chiuno chichiwedzera.

Kufamba kunononoka uye kunogona kuve kushoma. Iyo yekufamba nzira (gait) inova inononoka uye ipfupi. Kufamba kunogona kuve kusadzikama, uye kune kushomeka kwemaoko. Vakwegura vanoneta nyore uye vane simba shoma.

Simba uye kutsungirira shanduko. Kurasikirwa kwemhasuru kunoderedza simba.

DAMBUDZIKO DZINOGARA

Osteoporosis idambudziko rakajairika, kunyanya kune vakadzi vakuru. Mapfupa anotsemuka zviri nyore. Kudzvinyirira kutsemuka kweiyo vertebrae kunogona kukonzera kurwadziwa uye kudzikamisa kufamba.

Tsvina kushaya simba kunokonzera kuneta, kushaya simba, uye kudzikisira chiitiko kushivirira. Matambudziko akabatana kubva mukuomarara kuderera kusvika pakukanganisa arthritis (osteoarthritis) zvakajairika.

Ngozi yekukuvara inowedzera nekuti gait shanduko, kusagadzikana, uye kurasikirwa kwechiyero kunogona kukonzera kudonha.

Vamwe vanhu vakuru vakadzora mafungiro. Izvi zvinowanzo kukonzerwa neshanduko mumhasuru uye tendon, pane shanduko mumitsipa. Kupera kwemabvi jerk kana ankle jerk Reflexes anogona kuitika. Dzimwe shanduko, senge yakanaka Babinski reflex, haisi chikamu chakajairika chekukwegura.

Kufambisa kwekuzvipira (kudedera kwemhasuru uye kufamba kwakanaka kunonzi fasciculations) kunowanzoitika kune vanhu vakuru. Vakwegura vasina basa vanogona kunge vaine hutera kana kusanzwisisika kwekunzwa (paresthesias).

Vanhu vasingakwanise kufamba vega, kana vasingatambanudzi tsandanyama nekurovedza muviri, vanogona kuwana zvibvumirano zvetsandanyama.

Kudzivirira

Kurovedza muviri ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakanakisa dzekudzora kana kudzivirira matambudziko nemhasuru, majoini nemapfupa. Chirongwa chekudzidzira zvine mwero chinogona kukubatsira iwe kuchengetedza simba, kuenzanisa, uye kuchinjika. Kurovedza muviri kunobatsira mapfupa kuramba akasimba.

Taura nemupi wako wezvehutano usati watanga chirongwa chitsva chekurovedza muviri.

Izvo zvakakosha kudya chikafu chakaringana zvine calcium yakawanda. Vakadzi vanofanirwa kungwarira kuti vawane calcium yakakwana uye vhitamini D sezvavanokwegura. Vakadzi vePostmenopausal nevarume vanopfuura makore makumi manomwe vanofanirwa kutora 1,200 mg yecalcium pazuva. Vakadzi nevarume vanopfuura makore makumi manomwe vanofanirwa kuwana mazana masere epasi (IU) evitamini D zuva nezuva. Kana uine osteoporosis, taura nemupi wako nezvekurapa kwachiremba.

NHAU DZAKAITIKA

• Kukwegura shanduko muchimiro chemuviri
• Kukwegura kuchinja mukugadzirwa kwehomoni
• Kukwegura shanduko munhengo, zvinyama, uye maseru
• Kukwegura kuchinja muhurongwa hwetsinga
• Calcium mukudya
• Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis uye kuchembera; Tsvina kushaya simba inosangana nekukwegura; Osteoarthritis

• Osteoarthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Osteoporosis
• Kuchinja muviri
• Chimiro chemubatanidzwa

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Gregson CL. Bone uye kubatana kukwegura. Mune: Zadza HM, Rockwood K, Mudiki J, eds. Brocklehurst's Textbook yeGeriatric Mishonga uye Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chitsiko 20.

Walston JD. Kazhinji kliniki sequelae yekukwegura. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 22.

Weber TJ. Osteoporosis. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 230. Dhipatimendi reUtano reU.S. National Institutes of Health, Hofisi yeDietary Supplements webhusaiti. Vitamin D: pepa rechokwadi revashandi vehutano. ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional. Yakagadziridzwa Nyamavhuvhu 11, 2020. Yakasvika Nyamavhuvhu 27, 2020.