Chii chinonzi hutachiona hweHIV?
Zvemukati
- Chii chakanyanya hutachiona hweHIV?
- Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvehutachiona hweHIV hwakanyanya?
- Chii chinokonzera hutachiona hweHIV?
- Ndiani ari panjodzi yekutapukirwa neutachiona hweHIV?
- Hutachiona hweHIV hwakanyanya hunoonekwa sei?
- Muedzo weantibody
- Mimwe bvunzo
- Kurwara kwakanyanya kweHIV kunorapwa sei?
- Ndeapi maonero kune mumwe munhu ane hutachiona hweHIV?
- Hutachiona hweHIV hwakasimba hungadzivirirwa sei?
- Ndekupi munhu ane HIV anogona kuwana rutsigiro?
Chii chakanyanya hutachiona hweHIV?
Hutachiona hweHIV hwakasimba ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yeHIV, uye inogara kusvikira muviri wagadzira masoja ekudzivirira hutachiona.
Hutachiona hutachiona hweHIV hunotanga mushure memavhiki maviri kana mana mushure mekunge mumwe munhu abatwa neHIV. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare seyekutanga hutachiona hweHIV kana acute retroviral syndrome. Pakati peiyi nhanho yekutanga, hutachiona huri kuwedzera nekukurumidza.
Kusiyana nemamwe mavhairasi, ayo immune system inogona kazhinji kurwisa, HIV haigone kubviswa nema immune system.
Kwenguva yakareba, hutachiona hunorwisa nekuparadza masero ekudzivirira muviri, zvichisiya masoja emuviri asingakwanise kurwisa zvimwe zvirwere nezvirwere. Kana izvi zvikaitika, zvinogona kutungamira kunonoka kweHIV, inozivikanwa seAIDS kana nhanho 3 HIV.
Zvinokwanisika kubata hutachiwana hweHIV kubva kumunhu ane hutachiona hweHIV hwakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwehutachiona hwekudzokorora panguva ino.
Zvisinei, vanhu vazhinji vane hutachiona hweHIV hwakanyanya havazive kuti vabata hutachiona.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogadzirisa zvega kana zvinogona kukanganisa chimwe chirwere chakadai sefuru. Maedzo ekudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV haagone kuona danho iri reHIV.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvehutachiona hweHIV hwakanyanya?
Zviratidzo zvakakomba zvehutachiona hweHIV zvakafanana nezvechirwere uye zvimwe zvirwere zvehutachiona, saka vanhu vangangofungidzira kuti vabata HIV.
Asi izvo, fungidziro yekuti pavanhu vangangosvika miriyoni imwe nemazana maviri emamiriyoni muUnited States vanorarama neutachiona hweHIV, vangangoita zvikamu gumi nezvina muzana vavo havazive kuti vane hutachiona. Kuedzwa ndiyo chete nzira yekuziva.
Zviratidzo zvehutachiona hweHIV hunogona kusanganisira:
- mapundu
- kupindwa nechando
- chills
- musoro
- kuneta
- huro inorwadza
- husiku hweziya
- kurasikirwa nenzara
- maronda anowanikwa mukati kana mumuromo, kuzvimba, kana nhengo dzesikarudzi
- kuzvimba lymph nodes
- tsandanyama aches
- manyoka
Hasi zviratidzo zvese zvinogona kunge zviripo, uye vanhu vazhinji vane hutachiona hweHIV hwakanyanya havana zviratidzo.
Nekudaro, kana munhu akasangana nezviratidzo, anogona kugara kwemazuva mashoma kana kusvika kumavhiki mana, zvobva zvanyangarika kunyangwe pasina kurapwa.
Chii chinokonzera hutachiona hweHIV?
Hutachiona hutachiona hweHIV hunoitika mushure memavhiki maviri kana mana mushure mekutanga kubatwa nehutachiona. HIV inoparadzirwa kuburikidza:
- kuwedzerwa ropa kwakashatiswa, kunyanya 1985 isati yasvika
- kugovana majekiseni kana tsono nemunhu anorarama neutachiona hweHIV
- kubata neropa, urume, mvura yemukadzi, kana zvakavanzika zvemashure zvine Mukondombera
- kubata kana kuyamwisa kana amai vaine hutachiwana hweHIV
Mukondombera hautapurirwi kuburikidza nekubatana panyama, sekumbundirana, kutsvodana, kubatana maoko, kana kugovana midziyo yekudya.
Mate haatapurire Mukondombera.
Ndiani ari panjodzi yekutapukirwa neutachiona hweHIV?
HIV inogona kubata vanhu vezera ripi zvaro, bonde, dzinza, kana bonde. Nekudaro, maitiro ehunhu anogona kuisa mamwe mapoka panjodzi yekuwedzera yeHIV. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- vanhu vanogovana tsono uye majekiseni
- varume vanorara nevarume
Hutachiona hweHIV hwakanyanya hunoonekwa sei?
Kana mupi wezvehutano achifungidzira kuti munhu ane hutachiwana hweHIV, vanozoita ongororo dzinoverengeka kuti vaone hutachiona.
Chiyero chakajairwa chekuongororwa kweHIV hachifanirwe kuona hutachiona hweHIV.
Muedzo weantibody
Ongororo dzakawanda dzekutarisa hutachiwana hweHIV dzinotsvaga masoja ekudzivirira Mukondombera kwete hutachiona pachahwo. Maantibodies mapuroteni anoona nekuparadza zvinhu zvinokuvadza, senge hutachiona uye hutachiona.
Kuvapo kwehumwe hutachiona kunoratidza hutachiona hwazvino. Zvisinei, zvinogona kutora mavhiki akati wandei mushure mekunge hutachiona hwekutanga hweHIV hwaonekwa.
Kana zviyero zvemuyero weanorwisa masoja emunhu zvisina kunaka asi mupi wezvehutano anotenda kuti anogona kunge aine hutachiona hweHIV, anogona kupihwa hutachiona hwehutachiona zvakare.
Mubatsiri wezvehutano anogona zvakare kuti vadzokorore bvunzo yeanorwisa masvondo mashoma gare gare kuti vaone kana paine masoja ekudzivirira chirwere akakura.
Mimwe bvunzo
Dzimwe bvunzo dzinogona kuona zviratidzo zvehutachiona hweHIV zvakanyanya zvinosanganisira izvi:
- Utachiona hweHIV RNA bvunzo
- p24 antigen ropa bvunzo
- yakasanganiswa HIV antigen uye antibody bvunzo (inonziwo yechina chizvarwa bvunzo)
Iyo p24 antigen yeropa bvunzo inoona iyo p24 antigen, protein inongowanikwa muvanhu vane HIV. Iyo antigen chinhu chekunze chinokonzera immune immune mumuviri.
Chizvarwa chechina bvunzo ndiyo yakanyanya kuomarara bvunzo, asi hazviwanzo kuona hutachiona mukati memavhiki maviri ekutanga.
Vanhu vanotora bvunzo yechina yechizvarwa kana p24 antigen kuongororwa ropa vachada zvakare kuratidza hutachiona hweHIV nehutachiona hweutachiona.
Chero ani zvake akaoneswa hutachiwana hweHIV uye anogona kunge ari kusangana nehutachiona hweHIV hwakanyanya anofanira kuongororwa ipapo ipapo.
Kana mupi wezvehutano achiziva kuti mumwe munhu anga aine mukana wekuwana hutachiwana hweHIV munguva pfupi yapfuura, vanoshandisa imwe yeongororo inokwanisa kuona hutachiona hweHIV hwakanyanya.
Kurwara kwakanyanya kweHIV kunorapwa sei?
Kurapa kwakanaka kwakakosha kune vanhu vanoonekwa kuti vane hutachiona.
Vanopa hutano nemasayendisiti vanobvumirana kuti kurapwa nekukurumidza nemishonga yemaARV inofanira kushandiswa nevanhu vese vaneHIV vakagadzirira kutanga kutora zuva nezuva mishonga.
Kurapa kwekutanga kunogona kudzikisira hutachiona pahutachiona.
Mishonga mitsva yemaARVT inowanzo shingirira zvakanaka, asi panogara paine mukana wemhedzisiro.
Kana munhu akafunga kuti vari kusangana nechero mhedzisiro kana kusawirirana nemushonga wavo, vanofanirwa kubva vangobata mupi wezvehutano.
Pamusoro pekurapwa, vatapi vezvehutano vanogona zvakare kuratidza mamwe maratidziro ehupenyu, anosanganisira:
- kudya chikafu chine hutano uye chakaringana kubatsira kusimbisa immune system
- kudzidzira bonde nemakondomu kana dzimwe nzira dzekubatsira kubatsira kudzikisira mukana wekutapurira HIV kune vamwe uye kutapukirwa nezvirwere zvepabonde.
- kuderedza kushushikana, uko kunogona zvakare kunetesa immune system
- kudzivisa kusangana nevanhu vane hutachiona uye hutachiona, sezvo immune system yeavo vane HIV inogona kuva nenguva yakaoma kupindura kuchirwere
- kurovedza muviri nguva dzose
- kugara uchishingaira uye uchiita zvekuvaraidza
- kuderedza kana kunwa doro uye jekiseni zvinodhaka
- kushandisa tsono dzakachena kana uchibaya majekiseni
- kurega kusvuta
Ndeapi maonero kune mumwe munhu ane hutachiona hweHIV?
Hakuna mushonga weHIV, asi kurapwa kunoita kuti vanhu vane HIV vararame hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano. Maonero akanakira vanhu vanotanga kurapwa HIV isati yakanganisa immune system yavo.
Kuongororwa kwekutanga uye kurapwa kwakakodzera kunobatsira kudzivirira Mukondombera kuenda kuAIDS.
Kubudirira kurapwa kunovandudza zvese tarisiro yehupenyu uye hunhu hwehupenyu hwemunhu anorarama neHIV. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, HIV inoonekwa seyakareba mamiriro uye inogona kutarisirwa kwenguva refu.
Kurapa kunogona kubatsirawo munhu anorarama neutachiona hweHIV kusvika pasingaonekwe huwandu hwehutachiona, panguva iyoyo pavanotadza kuendesa hutachiwana kune vanoita zvepabonde.
Hutachiona hweHIV hwakasimba hungadzivirirwa sei?
Hutachiona hutachiona hweHIV hunogona kudzivirirwa nekudzivirira kusangana neropa, urume, zvakavanzika, uye mvura yemukadzi yemunhu anorarama neHIV.
Pazasi pane dzimwe nzira dzekudzora njodzi yekubatira Mukondombera:
- Deredza kusvitsa pamberi, panguva, uye mushure mekuita bonde. Nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzivirira dziripo kusanganisira makondomu (echirume kana echikadzi), pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), kurapwa sekudzivirira (TasP), uye post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
- Dzivisa kugovana tsono. Usambofa wakagovana kana kushandisa zvekare tsono paunenge uchibaya zvinodhaka kana kutora tattoo. Maguta mazhinji ane zvirongwa zvekuchinjana tsono zvinopa tsono dzisina chena.
- Tora matanho paunenge uchibata ropa. Kana uchibata ropa, shandisa magurovhosi egoridhe nezvimwe zvinodzivirira.
- Ongororwai HIV nezvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde. Kunovhenekwa ndiyo chete nzira yekuti munhu azive kuti ane hutachiwana hweHIV here kana imwewo njovhera. Vaya vanoongororwa vaine hutachiwana vanogona kutsvaga kurapwa kunogona kupedzisira kwabvisa njodzi yekutapurira HIV kune vavakarara navo. Kuongororwa nekugamuchira kurapwa kwezvirwere zvepabonde kunoderedza mukana wekutapurira kune waunofambidzana naye. ICDC inoyedza gore rimwe nerimwe kuvanhu vanobaya zvinodhaka kana vanoita bonde vasina kondomu kana imwe nzira yekudzivirira.
Ndekupi munhu ane HIV anogona kuwana rutsigiro?
Kuwana kuongororwa kwehutachiwana hweHIV kunogona kunzwa kunokanganisa vamwe vanhu, saka zvakakosha kuti uwane rutsigiro rwakasimba rwekubatsira kubata chero kunetsekana nekushushikana.
Kune masangano mazhinji uye vanhu vakazvipira kutsigira vanhu vanorarama neHIV, pamwe nenzvimbo zhinji dzemuno nepamhepo dzinogona kupa rutsigiro.
Kutaura nemupi wemazano kana kujoina boka rekutsigira kunotendera vanhu vane HIV kuti vakurukure zvinonetsa zvavo nevamwe vanogona kusangana nezvavari kusangana nazvo.
Hotline dzezvikwata zveHIV nehurumende dzinogona kuwanikwa pawebsite yeHealth Resources uye Services Administration.