COPD Zvinodhaka: Rondedzero yeMishonga Inobatsira Kubvisa Zviratidzo Zvako

Zvemukati

• Ipfupi-inoshanda bronchodilators
• Corticosteroids
• Methylxanthines
• Yakareba-inoshanda bronchodilators
• Kubatanidza zvinodhaka
• Roflumilast
• Mucoactive zvinodhaka
• Mishonga
• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya
• Kenza mishonga yeCOPD
• Biologic zvinodhaka
• Taura nachiremba wako

Chisingaperi obstructive pulmonary chirwere (COPD) iboka rezvirwere zvemapapu zvinofambira mberi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kufema. COPD inogona kusanganisira emphysema uye chisingaperi bronchitis.

Kana iwe uine COPD, unogona kuve nezviratidzo sekutambudzika kufema, kukosora, kufema, uye kuomarara muchipfuva chako. COPD inowanzo kukonzerwa nekusvuta, asi mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinokonzerwa nekufema muchetura kubva munharaunda.

Iko hakuna mushonga weCOPD, uye kukuvara kwemapapu uye nzira dzekufema dzinogara zvachose. Nekudaro, akati wandei mishonga inogona kubatsira kudzikisira kuzvimba uye kuvhura yako yemhepo nzira kuti ikubatsire iwe kufema nyore neCOPD.

Ipfupi-inoshanda bronchodilators

Bronchodilators anobatsira kuvhura yako yemhepo kuti kufema kuve nyore. Chiremba wako anogona kuraira bronchodilator ipfupi-inoshanda kune mamiriro ekukurumidzira kana kukurumidza kuregererwa pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. Iwe unovatora uchishandisa inhaler kana nebulizer.

Mienzaniso yeiyo pfupi-inoshanda bronchodilators inosanganisira:

• albuterol (Proair HFA, Ventolin HFA)
• levalbuterol (Xopenex)
• ipratropium (Atrovent HFA)
• albuterol / ipratropium (Kubatanidza Respimat)

Pfupi-inoshanda bronchodilators inogona kukonzera mhedzisiro senge yakaoma muromo, kutemwa nemusoro, uye kukosora. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuenda nekufamba kwenguva. Mimwe mhedzisiro inosanganisira kudedera (kubvunda), kutya, uye nekukurumidza kurova kwemoyo.

Kana iwe uine mamiriro emwoyo, udza chiremba wako usati watora pfupi-inoshanda bronchodilator.

Corticosteroids

NeCOPD, yako yemhepo nzira inogona kupiswa, ichivaita kuti vazvimbe uye vagumbuke. Kuzvimba kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kufema. Corticosteroids imhando yemishonga inoderedza kuzvimba mumuviri, ichiita kuti kuyerera kwemhepo kuve nyore mumapapu.

Mhando dzinoverengeka dzecorticosteroids dziripo. Zvimwe zvinofemerwa uye zvinofanirwa kushandiswa mazuva ese sekurairwa. Ivo vanowanzo gadzirirwa mukubatana neyakareba-inoshanda COPD mushonga.

Dzimwe corticosteroids dzinojowa kana kutorwa nemuromo. Aya mafomu anoshandiswa kwenguva pfupi-pfupi apo yako COPD inoerekana yawedzera kuipa.

Vanachiremba vecorticosteroids vanowanzo gadza COPD ndeaya:

• Fluticasone (Flovent). Izvi zvinouya seinhaler iwe yaunoshandisa kaviri zuva nezuva. Zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvinogona kusanganisira kurwadziwa nemusoro, kurwadziwa pahuro, kushanduka kwezwi, kuda kurutsa, kutonhora-kunge zviratidzo, uye thrush.
• Budesonide (Pulmicort). Izvi zvinouya seyakabata ruoko inhaler kana yekushandisa mune nebulizer. Mhedzisiro inogona kusanganisira dzihwa uye thrush.
• Prednisolone. Izvi zvinouya sepiritsi, mvura, kana kupfura. Inowanzo kupihwa kurapwa kwekukurumidza. Zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvinogona kusanganisira kurwadziwa nemusoro, kushaya simba kwemhasuru, kushungurudzika mudumbu, uye kuwedzera uremu.

Methylxanthines

Kune vamwe vanhu vane COPD yakaoma, zvinowanzoitwa marapirwo ekutanga-mutsetse, akadai sekukurumidza-kuita bronchodilators uye corticosteroids, zvinoita kunge hazvibatsire kana zvichishandiswa vega.

Kana izvi zvikaitika, vamwe vanachiremba vanopa mushonga unonzi theophylline pamwe nebronchodilator. Theophylline inoshanda senge inorwisa-kupisa mishonga uye inodzoreredza mhasuru mumhepo. Inouya sepiritsi kana mvura yaunotora zuva nezuva.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa theophylline zvinogona kusanganisira kuda kurutsa kana kurutsa, kudedera, kutemwa nemusoro, uye kunetseka kurara.

Yakareba-inoshanda bronchodilators

Yakareba-inoshanda bronchodilators mishonga iyo inoshandiswa kurapa COPD kwenguva yakareba yenguva. Ivo vanowanzo kutorwa kamwe kana kaviri zuva nezuva vachishandisa inhalers kana nebulizers.

Nekuti madhiragi aya anoshanda zvishoma nezvishoma kubatsira kudzikamisa kufema, haaite nekukurumidza sekununura mishonga. Izvo hazvina kuitirwa kushandiswa mune yekukurumidzira mamiriro.

Iwo marefu-anoita bronchodilator aripo nhasi ndeaya:

• aclidinium (Tudorza)
• arformoterol (Brovana)
• formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist)
• glycopyrrolate (Seebri Neohaler, Lonhala Magnair)
• indacaterol (Arcapta)
• olodaterol (Striverdi Respimat)
• revefenacin (Yupelri)
• salmeterol (Serevent)
• tiotropium (Spiriva)
• umeclidinium (Incruse Ellipta)

Mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro-inoshanda bronchodilators inogona kusanganisira:

• muromo wakaoma
• dzungu
• kudengenyeka
• dzihwa
• kutsamwa kana kukwenya huro
• kugumbuka mudumbu

Zvimwe zvakakomba mhedzisiro zvinokanganisa kuona, kuona nekukurumidza kana kusarongeka kwemoyo, uye kurwisa kwekupokana nekukasira kana kuzvimba.

Kubatanidza zvinodhaka

Mimwe mishonga yeCOPD inouya semishonga inosanganiswa. Izvi zvinonyanya kusanganiswa kwemaviri-anoshanda ma bronchodilator kana inhaled corticosteroid uye yakareba-inoshanda bronchodilator.

Triple therapy, mubatanidzwa weiyo inhaled corticosteroid uye maviri marefu-anoita bronchodilators, inogona kushandiswa kune yakaoma COPD uye flare-ups.

Kusanganiswa kwemaviri marefu-anoita bronchodilators anosanganisira:

• aclidinium / formoterol (Duaklir)
• glycopyrrolate / formoterol (Bevespi Aerosphere)
• glycopyrrolate / indacaterol (Utibron Neohaler)
• tiotropium / olodaterol (Stiolto Kupindura)
• umeclidinium / vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta)

Kubatanidzwa kweiyo inhaled corticosteroid uye yakareba-inoshanda bronchodilator inosanganisira:

• budesonide / formoterol (Symbicort)
• fluticasone / salmeterol (Advair)
• fluticasone / vilanterol (Breo Ellipta)

Kubatanidzwa kweiyo inhaled corticosteroid uye maviri marefu-anoita bronchodilator, anonzi katatu kurapwa, anosanganisira fluticasone / vilanterol / umeclidinium (Trelegy Ellipta).

A yakawana kuti katatu kurapa kwakaderedza kupisa-uye nekuvandudza kwemapapu muvanhu vane COPD yepamusoro.

Nekudaro, zvakaratidzawo kuti mabayo ainyanya kuvepo netraple katatu pane musanganiswa wemishonga miviri.

Roflumilast

Roflumilast (Daliresp) rudzi rwemushonga unonzi phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. Inouya sepiritsi iwe yaunonwa kamwe pazuva.

Roflumilast inobatsira kubvisa kuzvimba, uko kunogona kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemweya kumapapu ako. Chiremba wako angango gadza mushonga uyu pamwe neyakareba-inoshanda bronchodilator.

Zvikanganiso zve roflumilast zvinogona kusanganisira:

• kuonda
• manyoka
• musoro
• kusvotwa
• cramps
• kudengenyeka
• kushaya hope

Rega chiremba wako azive kana uine matambudziko echiropa kana kushushikana usati watora uyu mushonga.

Mucoactive zvinodhaka

Kupopota kweCOPD kunogona kukonzera kuwanda kwenzvimbo dzemapapu mumapapu. Mucoactive zvinodhaka zvinobatsira kudzikisa mamasi kana kuatetepa kuitira kuti ugone kuikosora. Ivo vanowanzo kuuya mune fomu yepiritsi, uye vanosanganisira:

• carbocysteine
• erdosteine
• N-acetylcysteine

A yakaratidza kuti iyi mishonga inogona kubatsira kudzikisira kuputika nekuremara kubva kuCOPD. Chidzidzo che2017 chakawana zvakare kuti erdosteine ​​yakadzikisa huwandu uye kuomarara kweCOPD flare-ups.

Migumisiro yemishonga iyi inogona kusanganisira:

• kusvotwa
• kurutsa
• kurwadziwa nemudumbu

Mishonga

Zvakakosha kune vanhu vane COPD kuti vawane chirwere chekudzivirira chirwere chegore negore. Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuti iwe utorewo pneumococcal jekiseni zvakare.

Aya majekiseni anoderedza njodzi yako yekurwara uye anogona kukubatsira kudzivirira hutachiona uye zvimwe zvinetso zvine chekuita neCOPD.

Ongororo ye2018 yekutsvaga yakawana kuti mushonga wefuruu unogona zvakare kudzora maCOPD kuputika, asi wakacherekedza kuti kwaive nezviverengero zvidzidzo zvazvino.

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya

Kugara uchirapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya senge azithromycin uye erythromycin inogona kubatsira kubata COPD.

Ongororo yekutsvagisa ya2018 yakaratidza kuti kurapwa kwakaringana kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwakaderedza COPD flare-ups. Zvisinei, chidzidzo chacho chakataura kuti kudzokororwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunogona kukonzera kupokana kwemaantibioti. Yakawanawo kuti azithromycin yaibatanidzwa nekurasikirwa kwekunzwa senge mhedzisiro.

Dzimwe ongororo dzinodiwa kuti utarise mhedzisiro-yenguva refu mhedzisiro yekushandisa kwese mabhakitiriya.

Kenza mishonga yeCOPD

Mimwe mishonga yekenza inogona kudzora kuzvimba uye kudzikisira kukuvara kubva kuCOPD.

Chidzidzo che2019 chakawana kuti mushonga tyrphostin AG825 wakadzikisa huwandu hwekuzvimba mu zebrafish. Mushonga uyu wakasimudzirawo mwero wekufa kwemautrophils, ayo ari maseru anokurudzira kuzvimba, mumakonzo nemapapu anopisa akafanana neCOPD.

Kutsvagurudza kuchiri kungogumira pakushandisa tyrphostin AG825 nemimwe mishonga yakafanana yeCOPD uye mamwe mamiriro ekuzvimba. Pakupedzisira, vanogona kuve sarudzo yekurapa yeCOPD.

Biologic zvinodhaka

Mune vamwe vanhu, kuzvimba kubva kuCOPD kunogona kuve mugumisiro weeosinophilia, kana kuve neakakwira-kupfuura-akajairwa masero eropa machena anonzi eosinophils.

Iyo yakaratidza kuti biologic zvinodhaka zvinogona kubata iyi fomu yeCOPD. Biologic zvinodhaka zvinogadzirwa kubva mumasero mapenyu. Akawanda emishonga iyi anoshandiswa asthma yakaoma inokonzerwa neeosinophilia, inosanganisira:

• mepolizumab (Nucala)
• benralizumab (Fasenra)
• reslizumab (Cinqair)

Kumwe kutsvagurudza kunodiwa pakurapa COPD neiyi biologic zvinodhaka.

Taura nachiremba wako

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga dzinobata akasiyana maitiro uye zviratidzo zveCOPD. Chiremba wako anokupa mishonga inozonyatso kurapa mamiriro ako.

Mibvunzo iwe yaunogona kubvunza chiremba wako nezve chirongwa chako chekurapa inosanganisira:

• Ndinofanira kushandisa kangani kurapwa kwangu kweCOPD?
• Ndiri kutora here chero mimwe mishonga inogona kubatana nemishonga yangu yeCOPD?
• Ndichatora nguva yakareba sei kutora mishonga yangu yeCOPD?
• Ndeipi nzira chaiyo yekushandisa inhaler yangu?
• Chii chinoitika kana ndikangoerekana ndarega kutora yangu COPD mishonga?
• Kunze kwekutora mishonga, ndeapi mararamiro ehupenyu andinofanira kuita kuti ndibvise zviratidzo zvangu zveCOPD?
• Chii chandinofanira kuita kana ndikangoerekana ndave kuwedzera zviratidzo?
• Ndingadzivirire sei mhedzisiro?

Chero ipi mishonga yaunorayirwa nachiremba wako, ita chokwadi chekuitora zvinoenderana nemirairo yechiremba wako. Kana iwe uine zvakakomba mhedzisiro, senge yeergoriki yekuita nekukurumidza kana kuzvimba, dana chiremba wako ipapo ipapo. Kana iwe uchinetseka kufema kana kuzvimba kwemuromo, rurimi, kana huro, fonera 911 kana yako yemuno emergency emergency services. Nekuti mimwe mishonga yeCOPD inogona kukanganisa yako yemoyo system, ive shuwa kuudza chiremba wako kana uine isina kujairika kurova kwemoyo kana matambudziko emoyo.