Miedzo mikuru yakaratidzwa mukutakura

Zvemukati

• Main bvunzo pakuzvitakura
• 1. Yakazara kuverenga ropa
• 2. Ropa mhando uye Rh chinhu
• 3. Kutsanya glucose
• 4. Kuyedza kuona hutachiona
• 5. Kuongorora weti uye weti tsika
• 6. Ultrasound
• 7. Gynecological bvunzo
• Bvunzo dzehutachiona hune njodzi

Bvunzo dzepamuviri dzakakosha kune anozvara kuti aone kukura uye hutano hwemwana, pamwe nehutano hwemukadzi, sezvo zvichipesana zvakananga nepamuviri. Nekudaro, mukubvunzana kwese, chiremba anoongorora huremu hwemukadzi ane nhumbu, kumanikidza kweropa uye chiuno chakatenderera, uye achiratidza mashandiro eimwe bvunzo, senge ropa, weti, gynecological uye bvunzo dze ultrasound.

Uye zvakare, mune dzimwe nguva, kunyanya kana mukadzi apfuura makore makumi matatu nemashanu ekuberekwa, chiremba anogona kukurudzira kumwe kuyedza, sezvo nhumbu pazera iri inogona kuve nenjodzi dzakabatana. Neichi chikonzero, kuongorora kunoitwa kakawanda uye biopsy yeiyo chorionic villus, amniocentesis uye cordocentesis, semuenzaniso, inogona kuitwa.

Kazhinji, mimwe miedzo inoitwa mune yekutanga trimester yepamuviri, sezvo zvichikosha kuongorora hutano hwemukadzi mumavhiki ekutanga epamuviri. Kubva pamwedzi wechipiri wepamuviri, bvunzo shoma dzinokumbirwa, kuitirwa zvakanyanya kutarisa kukura kwemwana.

Main bvunzo pakuzvitakura

Bvunzo dzakaratidzwa panguva yekuzvitakura dzinovavarira kuongorora hutano hwemwana uye mukadzi ane nhumbu uye kutarisa kuti mwana ari kukura sei. Pamusoro pezvo, kuburikidza nemabvunzo akakumbirwa nachiremba anozvara, zvinokwanisika kuona kana paine shanduko dzine chekuita nemwana kana paine njodzi panguva yekuzvitakura kana panguva yekusununguka. Miedzo mikuru ichaitwa panguva yepamuviri ndeiyi:

1. Yakazara kuverenga ropa

Kuverenga kweropa kunovavarira kupa ruzivo nezve masero eropa emukadzi, akadai semasero matsvuku eropa uye maplatelet, pamusoro pemasero ekudzivirira emuviri ayo anoonekwawo muyedzo iyi, maleukocyte. Nekudaro, kubva pakuverengwa kweropa, chiremba anogona kutarisa kana paine hutachiona huri kuitika uye kana paine zviratidzo zvekushaya ropa, semuenzaniso, uye kushandiswa kwezvokuwedzera zvinogona kuratidzwa.

2. Ropa mhando uye Rh chinhu

Iyi bvunzo yeropa inoshandiswa kutarisa iro boka reropa raamai uye iyo Rh factor, ingave iri yakanaka kana isina. Kana amai vane negative Rh factor uye mwana ari positive Rh factor yaakagara nhaka kubva kuna baba, kana ropa remwana rikasangana naamai, immune system yaamai inoburitsa masoja anorwisa iyo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera, mune yechipiri nhumbu, hemolytic chirwere chemucheche. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti bvunzo iyi iitwe mune yekutanga trimester yepamuviri, nekuti, kana zvichidikanwa, matanho ekudzivirira anogona kutorwa kunzvenga kuwedzeredza mhinduro yemuviri.

3. Kutsanya glucose

Kutsanya glucose kwakakosha kuti uone kana paine njodzi yekubata gestational chirwere cheshuga, uye zvakakosha kuti zviitwe mune yekutanga neyechipiri trimester yepamuviri, uye kuongorora kurapwa uye kudzora kwechirwere cheshuga, semuenzaniso, kana mukadzi atova nepamuviri.akaonekwa.

Uye zvakare, pakati pemasvondo makumi maviri nemana nemakumi maviri nemasere ekubata, chiremba anogona kuratidza mashandiro ebvunzo yeTOTG, inozivikanwawo semuromo wekutsungirira glucose kana bvunzo yeglycemic curve, unova muyedzo wakanyanya wekuongororwa kwechirwere cheshuga cheshuga. .. Nzwisisa kuti TOTG inoitwa sei.

4. Kuyedza kuona hutachiona

Humwe hutachiona nemavhairasi, zvipembenene kana mabhakitiriya anogona kutapurirwa kumwana panguva yekusununguka kana kukanganisa kukura kwayo, sekune dzimwe nguva vanogona kuyambuka rukuvhute. Uye zvakare, mune mamiriro evakadzi vane chirwere chisingaperi chinotapukira, senge HIV, semuenzaniso, zvakakosha kuti chiremba vagare vachiongorora hutachiona mumuviri uye kugadzirisa madosi emishonga, semuenzaniso.

Nekudaro, hutachiona hukuru hunofanirwa kuongororwa mumiedzo panguva yepamuviri ndeiyi:

• Njovhera, iyo inokonzerwa nehutachiona Treponema pallidum, iyo inogona kutapurirwa kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura kana panguva yekusununguka, zvichikonzera kuberekwa njovhera, inogona kuratidzwa nehusanzwa, kupofomara kana matambudziko emitsipa mumwana. Kuongororwa kwesyphilis kunozivikanwa seVDRL uye kunofanirwa kuitwa mukota yekutanga neyechipiri yepamuviri, kuwedzera pachokwadi chekuti zvakakosha kuti mukadzi arapwe nemazvo kuti arege kutapurira mwana;
• HIV, iyo inogona kukonzera Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS, uye inogona kupfuudzwa kumwana panguva yekusununguka. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti mukadzi awanikwe, hutachiona hunotariswa uye kurapwa kwashandurwa.
• Rubella, icho chirwere chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwemhuri Rubivirus uye kuti kana ikawanikwa panguva yekuzvitakura inogona kukonzeresa kusanzwisisika kwemucheche, matsi, shanduko mumaziso kana microcephaly, zvakakosha kuti kuongororwa kuitwe hutachiona panguva yekuzvitakura;
• Cytomegalovirus, senge rubella, hutachiona hwecytomegalovirus hunogona kuve nemhedzisiro mukukura kwemwana, izvo zvinogona kuitika kana mukadzi asati atanga kurapwa uye hutachiona hwukwanisa kupfuudza kumwana kuburikidza nepacenta kana panguva yekusununguka. Nechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuti kuongororwa kuitwe kuti utarise hutachiona hwecytomegalovirus panguva yepamuviri;
• Toxoplasmosis, chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunogona kuisa njodzi dzakakomba kumucheche kana hutachiona hukaitika mumwedzi mitatu yekupedzisira yenhumbu uye, nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti mukadzi achenjere kudzivirira hutachiona, pamwe nekuita bvunzo. kutanga kurapwa uye kudzivirira kunetsekana. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve toxoplasmosis mukuzvitakura;
• Hepatitis B uye C, ayo ari zvirwere zvinotapukira zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi anogonawo kutapurirwa mwana, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana kana huremu hwekuzvarwa mwana.

Iyi bvunzo inofanirwa kuitwa mune yekutanga trimester uye inodzokororwa mune yechipiri uye / kana yechitatu trimester yepamuviri, zvinoenderana nehungwaru hwenhumbu. Uye zvakare, mune yechitatu trimester yepamuviri, pakati pechimakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemanomwe vhiki yekubata, zvakakosha kuti mukadzi aongororwe boka B streptococcus, iyo Streptococcus agalactiae, iyo bhakitiriya iri chikamu chemukadzi wechikadzi microbiota, zvisinei zvichienderana nehuwandu hwayo inogona kuisa njodzi kumwana panguva yekusununguka. Ona kuti bvunzo inoitwa sei kuti uone boka B streptococcus.

5. Kuongorora weti uye weti tsika

Urinalysis, inozivikanwawo seEAS, yakakosha kuona hutachiona hwehutachiona, hunowanzoitika panguva yekuzvitakura. Pamusoro peEAS, chiremba zvakare anoratidza kuti weti tsika inoitwa, kunyanya kana mukadzi achinge ataura zviratidzo zvehutachiona, sezvo kubva pakuongorora uku zvinokwanisika kuziva kuti ndechipi hutachiona hunokonzera hutachiona uye, nekudaro, zvinokwanisika chiremba kuratidza kurapwa kwakanyanya.

6. Ultrasound

Iko kuita kwe ultrasound kwakakosha kwazvo panguva yekuzvitakura, sezvo ichibvumidza chiremba nemukadzi kuongorora kukura kwemwana. Nekudaro, Ultrasound inogona kuitwa kuti uone kuvepo kweiyo embryo, iyo nguva yekuzvitakura uye kubatsira kuona zuva rekusununguka, kurova kwemoyo kwemwana, chinzvimbo, kukura uye kukura kwemwana.

Kurudziro ndeyekuti iyo ultrasound iitwe mumatanhatu ese epamuviri, zvinoenderana nehungwaru hwenhumbu. Pamusoro pechinyakare ultrasound, morphological ultrasound ongororo inogona kuitwawo, iyo inobvumidza kumeso kwemwana kuti kuonekwe uye zvirwere kuzivikanwa. Tsvaga kuti morphological ultrasound bvunzo inoitwa sei.

7. Gynecological bvunzo

Kuwedzera kune bvunzo dzinowanzo kuratidzwa nachiremba, gynecological bvunzo dzinogona zvakare kukurudzirwa kuitira kuti uongorore nzvimbo yepedyo. Zvinogona zvakare kukurudzirwa kuita bvunzo yekudzivirira, inozivikanwawo sePap smear, iyo inotarisira kuongorora kuvapo kweshanduko mumuromo wechibereko iyo inogona kunge iri chiratidzo checancer, semuenzaniso. Nekudaro, kuitwa kwebvunzo idzi kwakakosha kudzivirira kunetsekana kwevanhukadzi.

Bvunzo dzehutachiona hune njodzi

Kana chiremba vakaona kuti ipamuviri ine njodzi huru, anogona kuratidza kuti kwakawanda kuongororwa kunoitwa kuitira kuongorora huwandu hwenjodzi uye, nekudaro, kuratidza matanho anogona kudzora njodzi yekuzvitakura uye zvinogona kuitika kuna amai uye yemwana. Kubata nhumbu kune njodzi zvakanyanya kunowanikwa pakati pevakadzi vanopfuura makore makumi matatu nemashanu ekuberekwa, iine mukana wakakura wekubvisa pamuviri kana matambudziko.

Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mazai anogona kuita dzimwe shanduko dzinowedzera mukana wekuti mwana arware nehumwe hutachiona, hwakadai seDown's Syndrome. Nekudaro, havazi vese vakadzi vakave nepamuviri mushure memakore makumi matatu nemashanu vane matambudziko panguva yekuzvitakura, yekusununguka kana yekusununguka, njodzi iri kukura pakati pevakadzi vakafutisa, vane chirwere cheshuga kana vanosvuta.

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kuratidzwa nachiremba ndeiyi:

• Fetal chimiro chemakemikari, iyo inoshanda kubatsira mukuongororwa kwehutachiona hutachiona mumwana;
• Corial villus biopsy uye / kana fetal karyotype, iyo inoshanda kuongorora hutachiona hutachiona;
• Fetal echocardiogram uye electrocardiogram, iyo inoongorora mashandiro emoyo wemwana uye inowanzo kuratidzwa kana kusagadzikana kwemoyo kwaonekwa mumwana kuburikidza nemabvunzo apfuura;
• MAP, iyo inoratidzirwa kune vakadzi vane hypertensive, kutarisa njodzi ye pre-eclampsia;
• Amniocentesis, iyo inoshanda kuona hutachiona hutachiona, senge Down syndrome uye hutachiona, senge toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus. Inofanira kuitiswa pakati pevhiki regumi neshanu negumi nemasere ekubata pamuviri.
• Cordocentesis, inozivikanwawo se fetal ropa sampuro, inoshanda kuona chero kushomeka kwechromosomal mumwana kana kufungidzirwa rubella kusvibiswa uye kunonoka toxoplasmosis mukuzvitakura;

Kuita kwemiyedzo iyi kwakakosha nekuti kunobatsira kuongorora shanduko dzakakosha dzinogona kurapwa kuti dzisakanganisa kukura kwemwana. Zvisinei, kunyangwe paine kuyedzwa kwese, kune zvirwere uye ma syndromes anongowanikwa mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana.