Nyama Kupisa: Nhungamiro yeKucheka Kwakachengeteka

Zvemukati

• Tungamira kune tembiricha yenyama
• Nyuchi
• Nyama yemombe
• Gwayana uye muton
• Nguruve uye ham
• Mutambo wemusango
• Maitiro ekutora tembiricha yenyama
• Kusarudza thermometer yenyama
• Kuchengeta uye kudzokorora matipi
• Chinokosha

Isu tinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvatinofunga zvinobatsira kuvaverengi vedu. Kana iwe ukatenga kuburikidza nehukama pane ino peji, isu tinogona kuwana diki komisheni. Heano maitiro edu.

Mhuka-yakavakirwa mapuroteni sosi semombe, huku, uye gwayana zvine zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri ().

Zvisinei, idzi nyama dzinogonawo kubata mabhakitiriya, kusanganisira Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli O157: H7, uye Listeria monocytogenes, izvo zvinogona kukonzera zvakakomba zvirwere zvekudya. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti ubike nyama kumatembiricha akachengeteka usati waidya (,,).

Nyanzvi dzekuchengetedza chikafu dzinoti nyama inoonekwa seyakachengeteka kudya kana yabikwa kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana uye patembiricha yakakwira zvakakwana kuuraya zvipuka zvinokuvadza (5).

Ichi chinyorwa chinokurukura tembiricha yakakurudzirwa yekubika zvakachengeteka nyama dzakasiyana uye inotsanangura maitiro ekutora zvakanaka tembiricha yenyama.

Tungamira kune tembiricha yenyama

Tembiricha yekubika yakachengeteka inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwe nyama iri kugadzirirwa.

Heano mhedziso yeakakodzera matembiricha emukati emhando dzakasiyana uye kutemwa kwenyama, neruzivo rwakadzama kuteedzera pazasi (5, 6, 7):

Nyuchi

Mhando dzakakurumbira dzehuku dzinosanganisira huku, dhadha, hanzi, turkey, pheasant, uye zvihuta. Izvi zvinoreva shiri dzese, pamwe nezvose zvikamu zveshiri zvinogona kudyiwa nevanhu, kusanganisira mapapiro, zvidya, makumbo, nyama yepasi, uye giblets.

Nyuchi mbishi dzinogona kusvibiswa ne Campylobacter, izvo zvinogona kukonzera manyoka ane ropa, fivha, kurutsa, uye mhasuru cramp. Salmonella uye Clostridium perfringens inowanzo kuwanikwa muhuku mbishi uye inokonzeresa zviratidzo zvakafanana (,,).

Iyo tembiricha yakachengeteka yemukati yekubika yehuku - yakazara uye fomu yepasi - iri 165 ° F (75 ° C) (6).

Nyama yemombe

Ground nyama yemombe, inosanganisira nyama dzekudya, sausage, uye burger, inofanirwa kusvika mukati mekubika tembiricha ye 160 ° F (70 ° C). Steak uye veal inofanira kubikwa kusvika painosvika 145 ° F (65 ° C) (6, 11).

Nyama dzepasi dzinowanzove nemhepo yepamusoro yekubika tembiricha, sezvo mabhakitiriya kana zvipembenene zvinopararira kune batch rese kana iwe uchikuya nyama.

Nzombe sosi ye E. coli O157: H7, utachiona hunogona kukonzera mamiriro ekutyisidzira hupenyu. Izvi zvinosanganisira hemolytic uremic syndrome, iyo inogona kutungamira kukundikana kweitsvo, uye thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, iyo inokonzeresa kugwamba kweropa mumuviri wako wese (12,,).

Protein inokonzera chirwere cheCreutzfeldt-Jakob, chinoenderana nechirwere chemombe chinopenga, yakawanikwawo muzvigadzirwa zvemombe. Ichi chirwere chinouraya chehuropi mumombe dzakura dzinogona kupfuudzwa kuvanhu vanodya nyama yemombe yakasvibiswa (, 16).

Gwayana uye muton

Gwayana rinoreva nyama yemakwai madiki mugore ravo rekutanga, nepo nyama yemhuka iri nyama inobva kumakwai akura. Ivo vanowanzo kudyiwa vasina kugadzirwa, asi dzimwe tsika dzakatenderedza pasirese dzinodya chiutsi chinoputa uye zvine munyu.

Gwayana nyama inogona kunge iine utachiona, senge Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157: H7, uye Campylobacter, izvo zvinogona kukonzera zvakakomba zvirwere zvekudya (5).

Kuti iuraye zvinhu izvi, gwayana repasi rinofanira kubikwa kusvika 160 ° F (70 ° C), nepo gwayana richitemwa uye nyama yemhuru inofanira kusvika panosvika 145 ° F (65 ° C) (5, 6).

Nguruve uye ham

Unogona kubata trichinosis, iyo inokonzerwa nehutachiona Trichinella spiralis, nekudya zvigadzirwa zvenguruve mbishi uye zvisina kubikwa. Trichinosis inokonzeresa kusvotwa, kurutsa, fivhiri, uye kurwadziwa kwemhasuru, zvinogara kusvika kumavhiki masere uye zvichitungamira kurufu muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitika (5,,).

Nyowani nyowani kana ham inofanirwa kudziirwa kusvika 145 ° F (65 ° C). Kana iwe uchidzokesa nyama yakabikwa kare kana chigadzirwa chenguruve, tembiricha yakachengeteka i165 ° F (75 ° C) (6).

Zvakaoma kuona mukati mekupisa tembiricha yenyama yakatetepa sebhekoni, asi kana bhekoni rikabikwa kusvika crispy, rinogona kufungidzirwa kuti rakabikwa zvizere (5).

Mutambo wemusango

Vamwe vanhu vanofarira kuvhima kana kudya mhuka yemusango, senge mhembwe negwati (mhuka yemhuka), nyati (nyati), kana tsuro. Mhando dzenyama idzi dzine tembiricha dzadzo dzemukati dzekubika dzakachengeteka, asi dzakafanana nedzedzimwe nyama.

Mhuka yepasi inofanirwa kubikwa kune tembiricha shoma ye160 ° F (70 ° C), nepo mativi ese akachekwa kana roast achifanira kusvika 145 ° F (65 ° C) (7).

Kana idzi tembiricha dzemukati dzasvikwa, nyama yemhuka inoonekwa seyakachengeteka kudyiwa zvisinei neruvara rwupi, sezvo ichiri pingi mukati (7).

Tsuro nenyati pasi zvinofanirwawo kubikwa kusvika mukati mekupisa kwemazana 160 ° F (70 ° C), nepo nyati dzinobikwa uye roast inofanira kubikwa kusvika 145 ° F (65 ° C) (5, 19).

Tembiricha yemukati yekubika yakachengeteka inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwe nyama asi inowanzo kuve yakatenderedza 145 ° F (65 ° C) yezve nyama dzese uye 160-165 ° F (70-75 ° C) yenyama yepasi. Izvi zvinosanganisira nyama dzechivanhu senge huku nemombe, pamwe nemutambo wesango.

Maitiro ekutora tembiricha yenyama

Hazvigoneke kutaura kana nyama yakanyatso kubikwa nekungonhuwa, kuravira, kana kuitarisa. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengeteka, zvakakosha kuti uzive kutora zvakanaka tembiricha yenyama yakabikwa ().

Thermometer yenyama inofanira kuiswa muchikamu chakakora chenyama. Haifanire kunge iri kubata pfupa, gristle, kana mafuta.

Kune hamburger patties kana mazamu ehuku, isa iyo thermometer kuburikidza nedivi. Kana iwe uri kubika zvidimbu zvakawandisa zvenyama, chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chinoda kuongororwa (21).

Tembiricha inofanirwa kuverengerwa pedyo nemagumo enyama yekubika nguva asi nyama isati yatarisirwa kuitwa (22).

Kana nyama yapedza kubika, inofanira kugara kweinenge maminetsi matatu isati yavezwa kana kudyiwa. Iyi nguva inonzi nguva yekuzorora. Ndipo apo tembiricha yenyama inogona kugara isingachinji kana ichienderera ichikwira, ichiuraya zvipuka zvinokuvadza (22).

Kusarudza thermometer yenyama

Heano mashanu eakajairika thermometer yekutora nyama tembiricha (5):

• Thermometer yakachengeteka-hovhoni. Isa ichi thermometer 2-2.5 inches (5-6.5 cm) muchikamu chakakora chenyama uye verenga zvawanikwa mumaminitsi maviri. Inogona kugara yakachengeteka munyama sezvo ichibika muchoto.
• Dhijitari pakarepo-verenga ma thermometer. Iyi thermometer inoiswa 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) yakadzika munyama uye inogona kugara panzvimbo ichiri kubika. Iyo tembiricha yakagadzirira kuverenga mumasekondi gumi.
• Dharira pakarepo-verenga ma thermometer. Rudzi urwu rwe thermometer rwunoiswa 2-2.5 inches (5-6.5 cm) pakadzika mukati mekakanyanya panyama asi haugone kugara munyama ichiri kubika. Verenga tembiricha mumasekondi 15-20.
• Pop-up thermometer. Rudzi urwu rwunowanikwa muhuku uye dzimwe nguva runouya neyakaiswa turkey kana huku. Iyo thermometer inozobuda kana yasvika mukati mayo mukati mekushisa tembiricha.
• Disposable tembiricha zviratidzi. Aya maverengi ekushandisa-kamwe-nguva akagadzirirwa chaiwo tembiricha masosi. Vanoshandura ruvara mumasekonzi 5-10, zvichiratidza kuti vagadzirira kuverenga.

Paunenge uchisarudza thermometer yenyama, funga nezvemhando dzenyama dzaunowanzo kubika, pamwe nenzira dzako dzekubika. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukabika nyama kazhinji, unogona kusarudza yakasimba, yakawanda-yekushandisa thermometer iyo ichagara kwenguva yakareba.

Iwe unogona kuwana dzakasiyana siyana nyama thermometer kwese kwese uye online.

Ma thermometer mazhinji aripo ekukubatsira kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti nyama yako yasvika pakachengeteka mukati mekushisa. Sarudzo yako inoenderana nezvaunoda iwe uye kuti unobika sei nyama mbishi.

Kuchengeta uye kudzokorora matipi

Nyama inofanira kuchengetwa kunze kwenzvimbo ine njodzi - tembiricha iri pakati pe40 ° F (5 ° C) uye 140 ° F (60 ° C) umo mabhakitiriya anokura nekukurumidza (5).

Mushure mekubikwa kwenyama, inofanirwa kuramba iri pa140 ° F (60 ° C) painenge ichishandira, uye wozoiswa mufiriji mukati memaawa maviri ekubika kana kuibvisa muchoto. Saizvozvowo, nyama inotonhora, senge saradhi yehuku kana sangweji yeham, inoda kuchengetwa pa40 ° F (5 ° C) kana kutonhora (5).

Nyama yanga iri pane tembiricha yemukati kweanopfuura maawa maviri, kana pa90 ° F (35 ° C) kweawa rimwe, inofanirwa kuraswa (5).

Nyama yakasara uye madhishi ane nyama, kusanganisira casseroles, soups, kana stews, inofanirwa kudzidziswa zvakachengeteka kune tembiricha yemukati ye 165 ° F (75 ° C). Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa pani, microwave, kana hovhoni (5).

Izvo zvakakosha kuti udzorezve nyama dzakasara kune yakachengeteka tembiricha yemukati ye 165 ° F (75 ° C). Zvakare, kudzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya, nyama dzakabikwa dzinofanirwa kuchengetwa kunze kwenzvimbo ine njodzi, inova tembiricha iri pakati pe40 ° F (5 ° C) uye 140 ° F (60 ° C).

Chinokosha

Kana iwe ukabika uye ukadya nyama, zvakakosha kuti uzive tembiricha yemukati yekubika yakachengeteka kuti uderedze njodzi yako yekutapukirwa nezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvikafu uye hutachiona kubva kune utachiona hunogona kukuvadza.

Zvigadzirwa zvenyama zvinogona kuunza njodzi huru yezvirwere zvekutakura zvekudya, izvo zvinogona kunge zvakakomba.

Tembiricha yemukati yekubika yakachengeteka inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwe nyama asi inowanzo kuve yakatenderedza 145 ° F (65 ° C) yezve nyama dzese uye 160-165 ° F (70-75 ° C) yenyama yepasi.

Ive neshuwa yekusarudza thermometer yenyama iyo inokushandira uye nekuishandisa nguva dzose kana uchigadzirira nyama kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti yakachengeteka kudya.