Izvo Zvaunofanira Kuziva Nezve Intellectual Disability

Zvemukati

• Zviratidzo zvekuremara kwepfungwa
• Matanho ekuremara kwepfungwa
• Kuremara kwepfungwa hunyoro
• Kuremara kwepfungwa zvine mwero
• Kuremara kwakakomba kwepfungwa
• Kuremara kwakadzika kwepfungwa
• Kumwe kuremara kwepfungwa
• Urema husina kutsanangurwa hwepfungwa
• Chii chinokonzera kuremara kwepfungwa?
• Kuremara kwepfungwa kunoonekwa sei?
• Kurapa sarudzo dzekuremara kwepfungwa
• Ndeupi mutarisiro wenguva refu?

Mhedziso

Kana mwana wako aine hurema hwepfungwa (ID), huropi hwake hahuna kukura zvakanaka kana kukuvara neimwe nzira. Uropi hwavo hunogona zvakare kusashanda mukati meyakajairika huwandu hwese hwehungwaru uye hwekushandura mashandiro. Munguva yakapfuura, nyanzvi dzezvekurapa dzakadana chirwere ichi "kudzora pfungwa."

Pane mana mazinga eID:

• nyoro
• zvine mwero
• zvakanyanya
• zvakadzama

Dzimwe nguva, ID inogona kuverengerwa se:

• “Zvimwe”
• "Hazvina kutaurwa"

ID inosanganisira zvese zvakaderera IQ uye matambudziko ekugadzirisa kune hwezuva nezuva hupenyu. Panogona zvakare kuve nekudzidza, kutaura, zvemagariro, uye kuremara kwemuviri.

Zviitiko zvakakomba zveID zvinogona kuongororwa nekukurumidza mushure mekuberekwa. Nekudaro, iwe ungatadza kuona kuti mwana wako ane fomu ine hunyoro yeID kudzamara akundikana kuzadzisa zvakajairika zvekuvandudza zvinangwa Anenge zviitiko zvese zvechitupa zvinowonekwa panguva iyo mwana anosvika makore gumi nemasere ekuberekwa.

Zviratidzo zvekuremara kwepfungwa

Zviratidzo zveID zvichasiyana zvichibva padanho rehurema remwana wako uye zvinogona kusanganisira:

• kutadza kusangana nematanho enjere
• kugara, kukambaira, kana kufamba gare gare kupfuura vamwe vana
• matambudziko kudzidza kutaura kana kunetseka kutaura zvakajeka
• matambudziko ekurangarira
• kutadza kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yezviito
• kutadza kufunga zvine musoro
• hunhu hwemwana husingaenderane nezera remwana
• kushaya kuda kuziva
• matambudziko ekudzidza
• IQ pazasi makumi manomwe
• kutadza kurarama hupenyu hwakazvimiririra nekuda kwezvinetso kutaura, kuzvitarisira, kana kudyidzana nevamwe

Kana mwana wako aine ID, vanogona kusangana nedzimwe dzinotevera hunhu nyaya:

• hasha
• kutsamira
• kurega kubva kumagariro
• maitiro ekutsvaga-kutarisa
• kushushikana mukati memakore ekuyaruka uye makore ekuyaruka
• kushayikwa kwekutonga kwekuzvibata
• kusabata
• maitiro ekuzvikuvadza
• kuomesa musoro
• kuzvitarisira pasi
• yakaderera shiviriro yekushungurudzika
• kusagadzikana kwepfungwa
• kunetseka kuteerera

Vamwe vanhu vane ID vanogonawo kunge vaine hunhu chaihwo. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuve nehupfupi chimiro kana kusanzwisisika kwechiso.

Matanho ekuremara kwepfungwa

ID yakakamurwa kuita nhanho nhanhatu, zvichibva paIQ yemwana wako uye degree rekuchinja kwenzanga.

Kuremara kwepfungwa hunyoro

Zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvekuremara hunyoro hwepfungwa zvinosanganisira:

• kutora nguva yakareba kuti vadzidze kutaura, asi kutaurirana zvakanaka kana vangoziva sei
• kuva wakazvimiririra zvizere mukuzvichengeta kana vachembera
• ndine matambudziko nekuverenga nekunyora
• kusagadzikana munharaunda
• kuwedzera kuoma nemitoro yemuchato kana yekurera
• kubatsirwa nehurongwa hwedzidzo yakasarudzika
• kuve neIQ huwandu hwe50 kusvika 69

Kuremara kwepfungwa zvine mwero

Kana mwana wako aine ID ine mwero, vanogona kuratidza zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvinotevera:

• vanononoka kunzwisisa uye kushandisa mutauro
• inogona kunge iine mamwe matambudziko nekutaurirana
• Unogona kudzidza hunyanzvi hwekuverenga, kunyora, uye kuverenga
• kazhinji havakwanise kugara vega
• vanogona kutenderera vega kunzvimbo dzinozivikanwa
• inogona kutora chikamu mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzekudyidzana
• kazhinji kuve neiyo IQ renji ye35 kusvika 49

Kuremara kwakakomba kwepfungwa

Zviratidzo zveakakomba ID zvinosanganisira:

• kukanganisika kwemotokari
• kukuvara kwakakomba, kana kukura kusiri kujairika, kwenzvimbo yavo yepakati yetsinga
• kazhinji kuve neiyo IQ renji ye20 kusvika 34

Kuremara kwakadzika kwepfungwa

Zviratidzo zveakadzika ID zvinosanganisira:

• kutadza kunzwisisa kana kuteedzera zvikumbiro kana mirairo
• zvinogoneka kusafamba
• kusagadzikana
• kutaurirana kusiri kwekutaura
• kusakwanisa kuzvichengeta zvavanoda vakazvimirira
• kudiwa kwekugara uchibatsirwa uye kutarisirwa
• kuva neIQ isingasviki makumi maviri

Kumwe kuremara kwepfungwa

Vanhu vari muchikamu ichi kazhinji vakaremara, vane kunzwa kwekunzwa, havana kutaura, kana vakaremara mumuviri. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kudzivirira chiremba wemwana wako kuitisa bvunzo dzekuongorora.

Urema husina kutsanangurwa hwepfungwa

Kana mwana wako aine ID isina kuzivikanwa, ivo vanoratidza zviratidzo zveID, asi chiremba wavo haana ruzivo rwakakwana kuti aone huwandu hwehurema.

Chii chinokonzera kuremara kwepfungwa?

Vanachiremba havagone kutsanangura chaicho chikonzero cheID, asi zvikonzero zveID zvinogona kusanganisira:

• kushungurudzika asati aberekwa, senge hutachiona kana kuratidzwa nedoro, zvinodhaka, kana zvimwe zvinokachidza
• kushungurudzika panguva yekuzvarwa, senge oxygen kushaya kana kukurumidza kuburitsa
• kusagadzikana kwakagara nhaka, senge phenylketonuria (PKU) kana chirwere cheTay-Sachs
• chromosome kusagadzikana, senge Down syndrome
• lead kana mercury chepfu
• kushomeka kwakanyanya kana zvimwe zvekudya
• zviitiko zvakakomba zvekurwara kwehucheche, sekukosora, gwirikwiti, kana hosha yemeno
• kukuvara kwehuropi

Kuremara kwepfungwa kunoonekwa sei?

Kuti uonekwe uine ID, mwana wako anofanira kunge aine pazasi-avhareji hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwekushandura. Chiremba wemwana wako achaita matatu-chikamu ongororo iyo inosanganisira:

• kubvunzurudzwa newe
• kucherechedzwa kwemwana wako
• zvakajairwa bvunzo

Mwana wako anozopihwa bvunzo dzehungwaru, dzakadai seStanford-Binet Intelligence Test. Izvi zvinobatsira chiremba kuona IQ yemwana wako.

Chiremba anogona zvakare kupa mamwe bvunzo senge Vineland Adaptive Behaeve Scales. Uyu muedzo unopa kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ese hwekugara hwemwana uye kugona kwevanhu, zvichienzaniswa nevamwe vana vezera rimwe chete.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti vana vanobva mutsika dzakasiyana uye nemagariro ehupfumi vanogona kuita zvakasiyana pabvunzo idzi. Kuti ugadzire kuongororwa, chiremba wemwana wako achatarisa zvabuda, bvunzurudzo newe, uye kucherechedzwa kwemwana wako.

Maitiro ekuongorora emwana wako anogona kusanganisira kushanyira nyanzvi, dzinogona kusanganisira:

• chiremba wepfungwa
• kutaura chiremba
• mushandi wezvemagariro
• chiremba neurologist
• kukura chiremba wevana
• murapi wepanyama

Laboratory uye imaging bvunzo dzinogona kuitwawo. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira chiremba wemwana wako kuti aone kusagadzikana kwemagetsi uye kwemajini, pamwe nematambudziko echimiro nehuropi hwemwana wako.

Dzimwe mamiriro, senge kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, kusagadzikana pakudzidza, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, uye matambudziko emanzwiro zvinogona kukonzera kunonoka kukura. Chiremba wemwana wako anofanira kutonga aya mamiriro usati waongorora mwana wako neID.

Iwe, chikoro chemwana wako, uye chiremba wako muchashandisa mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo uye ongororo kukudziridza kurapwa uye chirongwa chedzidzo kumwana wako.

Kurapa sarudzo dzekuremara kwepfungwa

Mwana wako angangoda kurairwa kuenderera mberi kuti avabatsire kukurira kuremara kwavo.

Iwe unozowana chirongwa chebasa remhuri chinotsanangura zvido zvemwana wako. Iyo hurongwa ichawedzera zvakare nezve masevhisi ayo mwana wako achazoda kuvabatsira neyakajairika kukura. Mhuri yako inoda ichagadziriswawo muchirongwa.

Kana mwana wako agadzirira kuenda kuchikoro, iyo Individualized Dzidzo Yechirongwa (IEP) ichaiswa munzvimbo yekuvabatsira nezvido zvavo zvedzidzo. Vese vana vane ID vanobatsirwa nedzidzo yakasarudzika.

Iyo Federal Individual ine Disability Act (IDEA) inoda kuti zvikoro zveruzhinji zvipe dzidzo yemahara uye yakakodzera kune vana vane ID uye humwe hurema hwekuvandudza.

Chinangwa chikuru chekurapa ndechekubatsira mwana wako kuti asvike pazvose zvavanogona maererano ne:

• dzidzo
• magariro
• hunyanzvi hwehupenyu

Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira:

• maitiro ekurapa
• kurapwa kurapa
• kuraira
• mishonga, mune dzimwe nguva

Ndeupi mutarisiro wenguva refu?

Kana ID ikaitika nemamwe matambudziko akakomba epanyama, mwana wako anogona kunge aine wepasi-paavhareji tarisiro yeupenyu. Nekudaro, kana mwana wako aine hunyoro kusvika pakuenzanisa ID, ivo vangangove neyakajairika tarisiro yehupenyu.

Kana mwana wako achikura, vanokwanisa kushanda basa rinozadza huwandu hwavo hweID, kurarama vakasununguka, uye kuzvitsigira.

Rutsigiro mabasa anowanikwa kubatsira vakuru vane ID kurarama vakazvimiririra uye hupenyu hunogutsa.