Kuchengetedza kwepamoyo: zvavari uye pavanoratidzwa

Zvemukati

• Ndiani anoda kutarisirwa
• Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati palliative kuchengetedza uye euthanasia?
• Maitiro ekugashira hanya

Sekureva kwesangano reWorld Health Organisation (WHO), kurapwa kwekurapa inzira yekuchengetedza, inoitirwa munhu ari kurwara nechirwere chakakomba kana chisingarapike, uyezve nemhuri yake, nechinangwa chekumubatsira kutambura kwake, kugadzirisa hupenyu uye hupenyu hwehupenyu.

Mhando dzekuchengetedza dzinogona kuvepo ndedze:

• Fizikisi: anoshandiswa kurapa zviratidzo zvemuviri izvo zvinogona kusagadzikana, sekurwadziwa, kufema, kurutsa, kushaya simba kana kushaya hope, semuenzaniso;
• Zvepfungwa: chengetedza manzwiro uye zvimwe zvisina kunaka zviratidzo zvepfungwa, senge kushushikana kana kusuwa;
• Zvemagariro: kupa rutsigiro mukutonga kwemakakatanwa kana zvipingamupinyi zvemagariro, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuchengetedza, sekushayikwa kwemumwe munhu wekutarisira;
• Zvepamweya: kuziva uye kutsigira nyaya dzakadai sekupa rubatsiro rwechitendero kana nhungamiro maererano nezvinoreva hupenyu nerufu.

Kuchengetwa kwese uku hakugone kupihwa nachiremba chete, zvinodikanwa kuti pane timu inoumbwa navanachiremba, manesi, masayendisiti, vashandi vezvemagariro uye nevamwe vanoverengeka vakaita sema physiotherapists, vezvekurapa, vezvehutano uye mufundisi kana mumwe mumiriri wezvemweya.

MuBrazil, kurapwa kwakapora kwakatopihwa nezvipatara zvakawanda, kunyanya izvo zvine oncology services, zvisinei, rudzi urwu rwekutarisira runofanira, sezvazviri, kuwanikwa muzvipatara zvuru, kubvunzurudzwa kwevarwere uye kunyangwe kumba.

Ndiani anoda kutarisirwa

Kuchengeta kwakapora kunoratidzirwa kune vanhu vese vanotambura nechirwere chinotyisidzira hupenyu chinonyanya kukura nekufamba kwenguva, uye chinozivikanwawo sekurwara kwekupedzisira.

Nekudaro, hachisi chokwadi kuti shuwa dzinoitwa kana pasisina "chekuita", sezvo tarisiro yakakosha ichiri kupihwa kune kugara zvakanaka uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hwemunhu, zvisinei nehurefu hwehupenyu hwake.

Mimwe mienzaniso yemamiriro ezvinhu umo kurapwa kwepamoyo kunoshandiswa, kungave kwevakuru, vakwegura kana vana, kunosanganisira:

• Cancer;
• Degenerative neurological hosha dzakadai seAlzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis kana amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;
• Zvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi zvinokanganisa, zvakadai seArthritis yakaoma;
• Zvirwere zvinotungamira kukundikana kwemitezo, senge chisingaperi itsvo chirwere, chinouraya moyo chirwere, chirwere chemapapu, chirwere chechiropa, pakati pevamwe;
• Yepamberi AIDS;
• Chero mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisidzira hupenyu, akadai sekushungurudzika zvakanyanya mumusoro, coma isingadzokere shure, hosha dzechibereko kana chirwere chisingarapike chekuzvarwa nacho.

Kuchengetedza kwakapora kunoshandawo kutarisira nekutsigira hama dzevanhu vanotambura nezvirwere izvi, nekupa rutsigiro maringe nemabatirwo anofanira kuitwa, kugadzirisa kunetseka kwevanhu uye nekudzidziswa kuri nani kwekuchema, semamiriro ezvinhu sekuzvipira kuchengeta mumwe munhu kana kubata nemukana wekurasikirwa nemudiwa kunonetsa uye kunogona kukonzera kutambura kwakawanda mumitezo yemhuri.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati palliative kuchengetedza uye euthanasia?

Nepo euthanasia ichikurudzira kutarisira kufa, kurapwa kwekunyaradza hakutsigire tsika iyi, izvo zvisiri pamutemo muBrazil. Nekudaro, ivo zvakare havadi kusundira mberi kufa, asi asi, ivo vanofunga kubvumidza chirwere chisingarapike kutevedzera nzira yayo yechisikigo, uye nekuda kweizvozvo, inopa rutsigiro rwese kuti chero kutambura kuchidzivirirwa nekurapwa, zvichizadza kupera kwehupenyu. zvine chiremerera. Nzwisisa kuti ndeupi mutsauko uripo pakati pehutachiona, orthothanasia uye dysthanasia.

Nekudaro, kunyangwe isinga bvumire euthanasia, kurapwa kwekunyaradza hakutsigire tsika yekurapa inoonekwa seisina maturo, kureva kuti, izvo zvinongoda kuwedzera hupenyu hwomunhu, asi izvo hazvizorape, zvichikonzera kurwadziwa nekupinda.

Maitiro ekugashira hanya

Kuchengeta kwakapora kunoratidzwa nachiremba, zvisinei, kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti zvinoitwa kana nguva yacho yasvika, zvakakosha kutaura nechikwata chekurapa chinoperekedza murwere uye kuratidza kufarira kwavo rudzi urwu rwekutarisira. Nekudaro, kutaurirana kwakajeka uye kwakajeka pakati pemurwere, mhuri uye vanachiremba nezve nzira dzekuziva uye dzekurapa chero chirwere kwakakosha kutsanangura nyaya idzi.

Pane nzira dzekunyora izvi zvishuwo, kuburikidza nemagwaro anonzi "Advance will directives", ayo anotendera munhu kuzivisa vanachiremba nezvehutano hwavanoda, kana kuti ivo vasingade kugamuchira, kuitira, chero chikonzero, chavanowana. ivo pachavo vasingakwanise kuratidza zvishuwo zvine chekuita nekurapwa.

Nekudaro, iyo Federal Council yeMishonga inopa zano kuti kunyoreswa kwepamberi kwekuraira kwekuda kunogona kuitwa nachiremba achiperekedza murwere, mune rake rekodhi rekurapa kana mune rekodhi rezvekurapa, sekureba sekubvumidzwa zvakajeka, pasina zvapupu kana masiginecha achidikanwa, saChiremba, nebasa rake, ane kutenda kweruzhinji uye zviito zvake zvine mvumo nemutemo.

Izvo zvakare zvinokwanisika kunyora uye kunyoresa mune yeruzhinji gwaro gwaro, rinodaidzwa kuti Vital Testament, umo munhu anogona kuzivisa izvi zvishuwo, achidudza, semuenzaniso, chishuwo chekusaiswa munzira dzakadai sekushandiswa kwemidziyo yekufema, kudyisa pane machubhu kana kupfuura neiyo cardio-pulmonary yekumutsazve maitiro, semuenzaniso. Mune ino gwaro zvakare zvinokwanisika kuratidza munhu wechivimbo kuti atore sarudzo pamusoro pekutungamira kwekurapwa kana asingachakwanise kuita sarudzo.