Bariatric kuvhiyiwa: chii icho, ndiani anogona kuzviita uye mhando huru

Zvemukati

• Ndiani anogona kuvhiya
• Main zvazvakanakira
• Mhando dzekuvhiyiwa bariatric
• 1. Gastric bhendi
• 2. Kupfuura gastric
• 3. Vertical gastrectomy
• 4. Biliopancreatic shunt
• Njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzekuvhiyiwa

Bariatric kuvhiyiwa rudzi rwekuvhiya uko iyo yekugaya sisitimu inoshandurwa kuitira kudzikisa huwandu hwechikafu chinoshivirirwa nedumbu kana kugadzirisa echisikigo dhizaini maitiro, kuitira kuti zvinyanye kudzikisa huwandu hweacaloror inonwiwa, zvichirerutsa kurasikirwa kwehuremu .

Nekuti irwo rudzi rwekuvhiya uko, kazhinji, kunokanganisa zvakanyanya, kuvhiyiwa bariatric kunowanzo kuratidzwa senzira yekurapa kana munhu atoedza dzimwe nzira dzekurapa asi pasina mhedzisiro inotarisirwa, kana kana kuwandisa muviri kuchiisa hupenyu njodzi.

Nekudaro, usati waitwa oparesheni yerudzi urwu, munhu wese anofanirwa kuongororwa kwakadzama nechikwata chakasiyana siyana chine chiremba anovhiya, wezvekudya zvinovaka muviri, chiremba wezvepfungwa, chiremba wezvemwoyo nezvimwe zvehunyanzvi.

Ndiani anogona kuvhiya

Bariatric kuvhiyiwa inowanzo kuratidzirwa kune vanhu vane kufutisa pamusoro pegiredhi II vasina kuratidza mhedzisiro mushure memwedzi yakati wandei yekurapwa nechikafu chakaringana uye kugara uchirovedza muviri.

Kuvhiya uku kunowanzo ratidzwa chete kune vanhu vane makore ari pakati pegumi nematanhatu kusvika makumi matanhatu nemashanu emakore, uye zvinongoratidzwa neHurumende yehutano hweBrazil mune zviitiko zve:

• BMI yakaenzana kana inopfuura 50 kg / m²;
• BMI yakaenzana kana yakakura kudarika makumi mana makirogiramu / m², isina kurasikirwa uremu kunyangwe nekuratidzwa kwekurapa uye kwekuvaka muviri kweanenge makore maviri;
• BMI yakaenzana kana yakakura kudarika 35 kg / m² uye kuvepo kwezvimwe zvirwere zvehutachiona hwehutachiona, hwakadai sekukwira kweropa, chirwere cheshuga chisingadzorwi uye cholesterol yakawanda.

Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo Ministry of Health inoratidzawo zvimwe zviitiko umo kuvhiyiwa bariatric kunoodzwa moyo uye uko kunosanganisira: kuva nechirwere chepfungwa chisina kudzorwa, kusanganisira kushandisa zvinodhaka nezvinwiwa zvinodhaka; kuva nechirwere chakakomba uye chakadzikira chemwoyo kana chemapapu; kuva nehutachiona hwehutachiona ne esophageal varices; kuva nezvirwere zvekuputira zvemuvhuro wekugaya kana kutambura ne Kusimudza yekenza.

Tarisa vhidhiyo inotevera uye tarisa mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuvhiyiwa.

Main zvazvakanakira

Pamusoro pekukosha kwekurasikirwa nehuremu, kuvhiyiwa bariatric kunounza mabhenefiti ane hukama nezvirwere zvine chekuita nekufutisa, nekuvandudza uye kurapa kwezvirwere zvakaita se:

• Arterial neBP;
• Kusakwana kwemoyo;
• Kutadza kufema;
• Asthma;
• Chirwere cheshuga;
• Cholesterol yakakwira.

Rudzi urwu rwekuvhiya rwunowanzo sanganisirwa nezvimwe zvakanaka zvemagariro uye zvepfungwa, senge kudzikira kwenjodzi yekuora mwoyo uye kuwedzera kuzviremekedza, kudyidzana munharaunda uye kufamba kwemuviri.

Mhando dzekuvhiyiwa bariatric

Rudzi rwekuvhiya runofanira kusarudzwa pamwe chete nachiremba, zvinoenderana nemamiriro emakiriniki emunhu uye zvaanofarira. Kuvhiya uku kunogona kuitwa neakajairwa akacheka mudumbu kana nevhidhiyoolaparoscopy, panongoitwa zvidimbu zvidiki panguva yekuvhiya:

1. Gastric bhendi

Urwu ndirwo rudzi rusingapindike rwekuvhiya bariatric uye inosanganisira kuisa bhendi, muchimiro chemhete, yakatenderedza dumbu, kuitira kuti iderere muhukuru, zvichipa kudya kwakaderera kwechikafu uye macalorie.

Kazhinji, rudzi urwu rwekuvhiya runopa njodzi shoma pahutano uye ine kukurumidza kupora nguva, asi mhedzisiro yacho inogona kunge isingagutsi kupfuura mamwe maitiro. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve gastric bhendi kuiswa.

2. Kupfuura gastric

Bypass kuvhiya kunokanganisa umo chiremba anobvisa chikamu chikuru chedumbu uyezve obatanidza kutanga kwemukati kune chikamu chasara chedumbu, ichideredza nzvimbo inowanika yekudya uye ichideredza huwandu hwemacalorie anonwiwa.

Rudzi urwu rwekuvhiya rune mibairo yakanaka, ichikubvumidza iwe kudzikira kusvika ku70% yehuremu hwekutanga, zvisinei zvakare hune njodzi dzakawanda uye kunonoka kupora. Nzwisisa zvirinani kuti gastric bypass inoitwa sei.

3. Vertical gastrectomy

Kusiyana neiyo kudarika gastric, mune iyi mhando yekuvhiya, iyo inogona zvakare kuzivikanwa se "kuvhiyiwa kwe ruoko", chiremba anovhiya anochengetedza kubatana kwepanyama kwedumbu, achibvisa chikamu chedumbu chete kuti chiite chidiki pane zvakajairwa, zvichideredza huwandu hwemacalorie akamedzwa.

Kuvhiya uku kune njodzi shoma pane iyo kudarika, asi zvakare ine mhedzisiro isingagutsikane, ichibvumidza kurasikirwa ingangoita makumi mana muzana yehuremu hwekutanga, kuva wakafanana neyegastric band. Ona maitirwo erudzi urwu rwekuvhiya.

4. Biliopancreatic shunt

Mukuvhiya uku, chikamu chedumbu uye mazhinji emukati dumbu anobviswa, inova nzvimbo huru kunoitika kunwiwa kwehutano. Nenzira iyi, chikamu chakakura chechikafu hachina kugayiwa kana kupinzwa, zvichideredza huwandu hwekoriori mune chikafu.

Nekudaro, uye kunyangwe hazvo chikamu chikuru chemuura mudiki chabviswa, bile inoramba ichiburitswa muchidimbu chekutanga chemukati ura icho chinobva chabatanidzwa kune chikamu chekupedzisira chemukati mudumbu, kuitira kuti pasave nekukanganiswa mukuyerera. yenyuchi, kunyangwe chikafu chisisiri kupfuura muchikamu chekutanga chemuura mudiki.

Njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzekuvhiyiwa

Njodzi dzekuvhiyiwa bariatric dzinonyanya kuverengerwa kuhuwandu uye kuomarara kwezvirwere zvine chekuita nekufutisa, matambudziko makuru ari:

• Pulmonary embolism, kunova kuvhara kwemudziyo weropa mumapapu, zvichikonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye kunetseka kufema;
• Kubuda ropa mukati munzvimbo yekuvhiya;
• Fistula, ayo ari homwe diki anoumba munzvimbo dzemukati enharaunda inoshandiswa;
• Kusvipa, manyoka uye zvituru zvine ropa.

Aya matambudziko anowanzo simuka panguva yekugara muchipatara, uye anokurumidza kugadziriswa nechikwata chekurapa. Nekudaro, zvinoenderana nekuomarara kwezviratidzo, zvinogona kuve zvakakosha kuita oparesheni nyowani kugadzirisa dambudziko.

Uye zvakare, zvakajairika kuti mushure mekuvhiyiwa bariatric, varwere vane matambudziko ezvekudya akadai sekushomeka, folic acid, calcium uye vhitamini B12 kushomeka, uye kushaya zvinovaka muviri kunogona kuitikawo mumatambudziko akaipisisa.

Kuti uve nekukurumidza kupora uye kushomeka kunetsekana, ona chikafu chinofanira kuve mushure mekuvhiyiwa bariatric.