Munyori: Roger Morrison
Zuva Rekusika: 21 Gunyana 2021
Gadziridza Zuva: 17 Mbudzi 2024
Anonim
Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere: ndedzipi, mhando uye ndedzei - Utano
Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere: ndedzipi, mhando uye ndedzei - Utano

Zvemukati

Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere zvinhu zvinogadzirwa murabhoritari iro rine basa guru kudzidzisa immune system kurwisa mhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona, sezvo dzichikurudzira kugadzirwa kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere, zvinova zvinhu zvinoburitswa nemuviri kurwisa hutachiona hunopinda. Nekudaro, muviri unovandudza masoja ekudzivirira muviri usati wasangana nehutachiona, uchisiya wagadzirira kuita nekukurumidza kana izvi zvikaitika.

Kunyangwe majekiseni mazhinji achida kupihwa jekiseni, kune mamwe majekiseni anokwanisa kutorwa nemuromo, sezvazviri neOPV, inova yekudzivirira polio yemuromo.

Kunze kwekugadzirira muviri kuti upindure kuhutachiona, kubaiwa nhomba kunoderedza kusimba kwezviratidzo uye kunodzivirira vanhu vese munharaunda, sezvo kuchideredza njodzi yekutapurirana chirwere. Tarisa uone zvikonzero zvitanhatu zvakanaka zvekubaya nhomba uye chengetedza iro bhuku rinopfuura

Mhando dzekudzivirira

Mishonga yekudzivirira inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru, zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwayo:


  • Attenuated microorganism majekiseni: iyo microorganism inokonzeresa chirwere ichi inoitwa nhevedzano yemaitiro murabhoritari inoderedza mashandiro ayo. Nekudaro, apo mushonga unopihwa, immune immune inopesana neiyo microorganism inosimudzirwa, asi hapana kukura kwechirwere, sezvo hutachiona husina simba. Mienzaniso yeidzi majekiseni ndeyekudzivirira kweBGG, hutachiona hutatu nehukuku;
  • Mishonga yekudzivirira kana kufa microorganisms: zvine ma microorganisms, kana zvidimbu zveawo ma microorganisms, izvo zvisiri zvipenyu zvinokurudzira kupindura kwemuviri, sezvazvakaita nechirwere chekuzvimba chiropa uye mushonga we meningococcal.

Kubvira panguva iyo jekiseni raanopihwa, immune system inoshanda zvakananga pane microorganism, kana zvidimbu zvayo, ichisimudzira kugadzirwa kweanorwisa masoja. Kana munhu wacho akasangana nemumiririri anotapukira mune ramangwana, immune system yatove kukwanisa kurwisa uye kudzivirira kukura kwechirwere.


Mishonga inogadzirwa sei

Kugadzirwa kwemishonga yekudzivirira uye kuita kuti iwanikwe kune vanhu vese chiitiko chakaomarara chinosanganisira nhanho dzinoverengeka, ndosaka kugadzirwa kwemishonga yekudzivirira mishonga kunogona kutora pakati pemwedzi kusvika pamakore akati wandei

Izvo zvikamu zvakakosha zvegadziriro yekugadzira majekiseni ndeaya:

Chikamu 1

Mushonga wekuyedza unogadzirwa uye kuyedzwa nezvidimbu zvevakafa, isina kugadzirwa kana kuderedzwa hutachiona kana mumiririri anotapukira mune vashoma vanhu, uyezve kuita kwemuviri kunoonekwa mushure mekushandisa mushonga uye kukura kwemhedzisiro.

Chikamu chekutanga ichi chinotora avhareji yemakore maviri uye kana paine mhedzisiro inogutsa, jekiseni rinoenderera kuchikamu chechipiri.

Chikamu 2

Mushonga mumwechetewo unotanga kuongororwa muhuwandu hwevanhu, semuenzaniso vanhu chiuru, uye pamusoro pekucherechedza maitiro anoita muviri wako uye mhedzisiro yacho inoitika, tinoedza kutsvaga kana madosi akasiyana ari kushanda kuti tiwane dose yakakwana, iyo ine zvishoma zvinokuvadza mhedzisiro, asi iyo inokwanisa kuchengetedza vanhu vese, pasirese pasirese.


Chikamu 3:

Kufunga kuti mushonga mumwe chetewo wakabudirira kusvika muchikamu chechipiri, unoenda kuchikamu chechitatu, icho chinosanganisira kuisa mushonga uyu kune vanhu vazhinji, semuenzaniso 5000, uye kucherechedza kuti vakachengetedzwa zvechokwadi here kana kuti kwete.

Zvisinei, kunyangwe nemushonga wekudzivirira muchikamu chekupedzisira chekuyedza, zvakakosha kuti munhu atore matanho akadaro anodzivirira kuchengetedzwa nehutachiona nemumiririri anotapukira wechirwere chiri kutaurwa. Nekudaro, kana jekiseni rekuongorora riri kurwisana neHIV, semuenzaniso, zvakakosha kuti munhu arambe achishandisa makondomu uye achidzivirira kugovana tsono.

Chirongwa chekudzivirira nyika

Kune majekiseni ari chikamu chehurongwa hwekudzivirira nhomba hwenyika, anopiwa mahara, uye mamwe anogona kupihwa pakurudziro yezvekurapa kana kana munhu achienda kunzvimbo kune njodzi yekutapukirwa nechirwere chinotapukira.

Majekiseni ari chikamu chehurongwa hwenyika hwekudzivirira uye anokwanisa kupihwa mahara anosanganisira:

1. Vacheche kusvika pamwedzi mipfumbamwe

Muvacheche kusvika pamwedzi mipfumbamwe yekuberekwa, majekiseni ekudzivirira ekudzivirira ndeaya:

Pakuzvarwa2 mwedzi3 mwedziMwedzi mina5 mwedzi6 mwedzi9 mwedzi

BCG

Tiibhii

Imwe chete dose
Hepatitis B1 dose

Pentavalent (DTPa)

Diphtheria, tetanus, chikosoro, hepatitis B uye meningitis Haemophilus influenzae b

1 dose2nd dose3 dose

VIP / VOP

Poriyo

1th dose (ine VIP)

2nd dose (ine VIP)

3th dose (ine VIP)

Pneumococcal 10V

Zvirwere zvinopisa uye acute otitis media inokonzerwa ne Streptococcus pneumoniae

1 dose2nd dose

Rotavirus

Gastroenteritis

1 dose2nd dose

Meningococcal C

Utachiona hweMeningococcal, kusanganisira meningitis

1 dose2nd dose
Yero fivha1 dose

2. Vana vari pakati pemakore 1 ne9 ekuberekwa

Muvana vane makore ari pakati pegumi nemapfumbamwe ekuberekwa, majekiseni ekudzivirira akanyanya kuratidzwa muchirongwa chekudzivirira ndea:

Mwedzi gumi nembiriMwedzi gumi nemashanuMakore mana - mashanu makoremakore mapfumbamwe ekuberekwa

Katatu bhakitiriya (DTPa)

Diphtheria, tetanus uye chikosoro

1 Yekusimbisa (ine DTP)2nd Yekusimbisa (ine VOP)

VIP / VOP

Poriyo

1 Yekusimbisa (ine VOP)2nd Yekusimbisa (ine VOP)

Pneumococcal 10V

Zvirwere zvinopisa uye acute otitis media inokonzerwa ne Streptococcus pneumoniae

Kusimbisa

Meningococcal C

Utachiona hweMeningococcal, kusanganisira meningitis

Kusimbisa1st kusimbisa

Katatu hutachiona

Masturu, mamota, rubella

1 dose
Chikeni pokisi2nd dose
Hepatitis AImwe chete dose

Utachiona tetra


Measles, Mumps, Rubella uye Chicken Pox

Imwe chete dose

HPV

Utachiona hwevanhu papilloma

2 doses (vasikana kubva pamakore mapfumbamwe kusvika pagumi nemana ekuberekwa)
Yero fivhaKusimbisa1 dose (yevanhu vasina-vaccinated)


3. Vakuru nevana kubva pamakore gumi

Muvachiri kuyaruka, vakuru, vakwegura uye vakadzi vane nhumbu, majekiseni anowanzoratidzwa kana chirongwa chekudzivirira chisina kuteverwa panguva yehucheche. Nekudaro, majekiseni makuru anoratidzwa panguva iyi ndeaya:

Makore gumi kusvika gumi nemapfumbamweVakuruVakwegura (> 60 makore)Ane pamuviri

Hepatitis B

Yakaratidza apo pakanga pasina kubaiwa nhomba pakati pemwedzi 0 ne6

3 servings3 doses (zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekudzivirira)3 servings3 servings

Meningococcal ACWY

Neisseria meningitidis

1 dose (makore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri)
Yero fivha1 dose (yevanhu vasina-vaccinated)1 kushumira

Katatu hutachiona

Masturu, mamota, rubella

Yakaratidza apo pakanga pasina mushonga wekudzivirira kusvikira mwedzi gumi nemashanu

2 Dosi (anosvika makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe)2 doses (kusvika pamakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe) kana 1 dhosi (pakati pemakore makumi matatu nemakumi mashanu nepfumbamwe)

Vakuru vaviri

Diphtheria uye tetenasi

3 MaseroReinforcement yega makore gumiReinforcement yega makore gumiKushumira

HPV

Utachiona hwevanhu papilloma

Kushumira

mukuru dTpa

Diphtheria, tetanus uye chikosoro

1 doseDosi imwe chete pakubata kwega kwega

Tarisa vhidhiyo inotevera uye unzwisise kuti nei nhomba ichikosha.

Mibvunzo yakajairika pamusoro pemishonga yekudzivirira

1. Kudzivirirwa kwejekiseni kunogara kweupenyu hwese here?

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, memory yekuzvidzivirira inotora hupenyu hwese, zvisinei, kune vamwe, zvakafanira kusimbisa jekiseni, senge meningococcal chirwere, diphtheria kana tetenus, semuenzaniso.

Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti jekiseni rinotora nguva kuti riite, saka kana munhu akatapukirwa achangonwa, jekiseni rinogona kusashanda uye munhu anogona kuita chirwere.

2. Mishonga yokudzivirira inogona kushandiswa here pakuzvitakura?

Hongu.Sezvo vari boka rine njodzi, vakadzi vakazvitakura vanofanirwa kutora majekiseni, senge jekiseni rekudzivirira furuwenza, hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetenasi uye chikosoro, izvo zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira mukadzi ane nhumbu nemwana. Iko manejimendi yemamwe majekiseni anofanirwa kuongororwa pane imwe nyaya-ne-kesi uye uye yakatemwa nachiremba. Ona kuti ndeapi majekiseni anoratidzwa panguva yekuzvitakura.

3. Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere inoita kuti vanhu vafende here?

Kwete. Kazhinji, vanhu vanopfuura mushure mekugamuchira jekiseni vanokonzerwa nekuti vanotya tsono, nekuti vanonzwa kurwadziwa nekuvhunduka.

4. Ko vakadzi vari kuyamwisa vanogona kuwana majekiseni here?

Hongu. Majekiseni anokwanisa kupihwa vakadzi vanoyamwisa, kuitira kudzivirira amai kutapurira hutachiona kumwana, zvisinei zvakakosha kuti mukadzi atungamirirwe nachiremba. Mishonga chete inodzivirirwa kuvakadzi vari kuyamwisa ndeyeyellow fever nedengue.

5. Unogona here kuwana mushonga unopfuura kamwechete panguva imwe chete?

Hongu. Kuchengetedza mishonga inopfuura imwechete panguva imwe chete hakukuvadze hutano hwako.

6. Ndeapi majekiseni ekudzivirira zvirwere akasanganiswa?

Mishonga yekudzivirira yakasangana ndiyo inodzivirira munhu kubva pachirwere chinopfuura chimwe uye panodiwa jekiseni rimwe chete, sezvazvakaita hutachiona hutatu, tetraviral kana bhakitiriya penta, semuenzaniso.

Zvinyorwa Zvako Iwe

Kubata uye Chirwere chaCrohn

Kubata uye Chirwere chaCrohn

Chirwere cheCrohn chinowanzoonekwa chiri pakati pemakore gumi nema hanu ku vika makumi maviri nema hanu - kukwirira kwekubereka kwemukadzi. Kana iwe uri wezera rekubereka uye uine yaCrohn, unogona ku ...
Unyanzvi hwekutaurirana uye Dambudziko

Unyanzvi hwekutaurirana uye Dambudziko

Ndezvipi Zvinet o zvekutauriranaKutaurirana ku agadzikana kunogona kukangani a kuti munhu anogamuchira, anotumira, anoita, uye anonzwi i a pfungwa. Vanogona zvakare kunete a mataurirwo uye mutauro mut...