Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere: ndedzipi, mhando uye ndedzei
Zvemukati
- Mhando dzekudzivirira
- Mishonga inogadzirwa sei
- Chikamu 1
- Chikamu 2
- Chikamu 3:
- Chirongwa chekudzivirira nyika
- 1. Vacheche kusvika pamwedzi mipfumbamwe
- 2. Vana vari pakati pemakore 1 ne9 ekuberekwa
3. Vakuru nevana kubva pamakore gumi- Mibvunzo yakajairika pamusoro pemishonga yekudzivirira
- 1. Kudzivirirwa kwejekiseni kunogara kweupenyu hwese here?
- 2. Mishonga yokudzivirira inogona kushandiswa here pakuzvitakura?
- 3. Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere inoita kuti vanhu vafende here?
- 4. Ko vakadzi vari kuyamwisa vanogona kuwana majekiseni here?
- 5. Unogona here kuwana mushonga unopfuura kamwechete panguva imwe chete?
- 6. Ndeapi majekiseni ekudzivirira zvirwere akasanganiswa?
Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere zvinhu zvinogadzirwa murabhoritari iro rine basa guru kudzidzisa immune system kurwisa mhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona, sezvo dzichikurudzira kugadzirwa kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere, zvinova zvinhu zvinoburitswa nemuviri kurwisa hutachiona hunopinda. Nekudaro, muviri unovandudza masoja ekudzivirira muviri usati wasangana nehutachiona, uchisiya wagadzirira kuita nekukurumidza kana izvi zvikaitika.
Kunyangwe majekiseni mazhinji achida kupihwa jekiseni, kune mamwe majekiseni anokwanisa kutorwa nemuromo, sezvazviri neOPV, inova yekudzivirira polio yemuromo.
Kunze kwekugadzirira muviri kuti upindure kuhutachiona, kubaiwa nhomba kunoderedza kusimba kwezviratidzo uye kunodzivirira vanhu vese munharaunda, sezvo kuchideredza njodzi yekutapurirana chirwere. Tarisa uone zvikonzero zvitanhatu zvakanaka zvekubaya nhomba uye chengetedza iro bhuku rinopfuura
Mhando dzekudzivirira
Mishonga yekudzivirira inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru, zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwayo:
- Attenuated microorganism majekiseni: iyo microorganism inokonzeresa chirwere ichi inoitwa nhevedzano yemaitiro murabhoritari inoderedza mashandiro ayo. Nekudaro, apo mushonga unopihwa, immune immune inopesana neiyo microorganism inosimudzirwa, asi hapana kukura kwechirwere, sezvo hutachiona husina simba. Mienzaniso yeidzi majekiseni ndeyekudzivirira kweBGG, hutachiona hutatu nehukuku;
- Mishonga yekudzivirira kana kufa microorganisms: zvine ma microorganisms, kana zvidimbu zveawo ma microorganisms, izvo zvisiri zvipenyu zvinokurudzira kupindura kwemuviri, sezvazvakaita nechirwere chekuzvimba chiropa uye mushonga we meningococcal.
Kubvira panguva iyo jekiseni raanopihwa, immune system inoshanda zvakananga pane microorganism, kana zvidimbu zvayo, ichisimudzira kugadzirwa kweanorwisa masoja. Kana munhu wacho akasangana nemumiririri anotapukira mune ramangwana, immune system yatove kukwanisa kurwisa uye kudzivirira kukura kwechirwere.
Mishonga inogadzirwa sei
Kugadzirwa kwemishonga yekudzivirira uye kuita kuti iwanikwe kune vanhu vese chiitiko chakaomarara chinosanganisira nhanho dzinoverengeka, ndosaka kugadzirwa kwemishonga yekudzivirira mishonga kunogona kutora pakati pemwedzi kusvika pamakore akati wandei
Izvo zvikamu zvakakosha zvegadziriro yekugadzira majekiseni ndeaya:
Chikamu 1
Mushonga wekuyedza unogadzirwa uye kuyedzwa nezvidimbu zvevakafa, isina kugadzirwa kana kuderedzwa hutachiona kana mumiririri anotapukira mune vashoma vanhu, uyezve kuita kwemuviri kunoonekwa mushure mekushandisa mushonga uye kukura kwemhedzisiro.
Chikamu chekutanga ichi chinotora avhareji yemakore maviri uye kana paine mhedzisiro inogutsa, jekiseni rinoenderera kuchikamu chechipiri.
Chikamu 2
Mushonga mumwechetewo unotanga kuongororwa muhuwandu hwevanhu, semuenzaniso vanhu chiuru, uye pamusoro pekucherechedza maitiro anoita muviri wako uye mhedzisiro yacho inoitika, tinoedza kutsvaga kana madosi akasiyana ari kushanda kuti tiwane dose yakakwana, iyo ine zvishoma zvinokuvadza mhedzisiro, asi iyo inokwanisa kuchengetedza vanhu vese, pasirese pasirese.
Chikamu 3:
Kufunga kuti mushonga mumwe chetewo wakabudirira kusvika muchikamu chechipiri, unoenda kuchikamu chechitatu, icho chinosanganisira kuisa mushonga uyu kune vanhu vazhinji, semuenzaniso 5000, uye kucherechedza kuti vakachengetedzwa zvechokwadi here kana kuti kwete.
Zvisinei, kunyangwe nemushonga wekudzivirira muchikamu chekupedzisira chekuyedza, zvakakosha kuti munhu atore matanho akadaro anodzivirira kuchengetedzwa nehutachiona nemumiririri anotapukira wechirwere chiri kutaurwa. Nekudaro, kana jekiseni rekuongorora riri kurwisana neHIV, semuenzaniso, zvakakosha kuti munhu arambe achishandisa makondomu uye achidzivirira kugovana tsono.
Chirongwa chekudzivirira nyika
Kune majekiseni ari chikamu chehurongwa hwekudzivirira nhomba hwenyika, anopiwa mahara, uye mamwe anogona kupihwa pakurudziro yezvekurapa kana kana munhu achienda kunzvimbo kune njodzi yekutapukirwa nechirwere chinotapukira.
Majekiseni ari chikamu chehurongwa hwenyika hwekudzivirira uye anokwanisa kupihwa mahara anosanganisira:
1. Vacheche kusvika pamwedzi mipfumbamwe
Muvacheche kusvika pamwedzi mipfumbamwe yekuberekwa, majekiseni ekudzivirira ekudzivirira ndeaya:
Pakuzvarwa | 2 mwedzi | 3 mwedzi | Mwedzi mina | 5 mwedzi | 6 mwedzi | 9 mwedzi | |
BCG Tiibhii | Imwe chete dose | ||||||
Hepatitis B | 1 dose | ||||||
Pentavalent (DTPa) Diphtheria, tetanus, chikosoro, hepatitis B uye meningitis Haemophilus influenzae b | 1 dose | 2nd dose | 3 dose | ||||
VIP / VOP Poriyo | 1th dose (ine VIP) | 2nd dose (ine VIP) | 3th dose (ine VIP) | ||||
Pneumococcal 10V Zvirwere zvinopisa uye acute otitis media inokonzerwa ne Streptococcus pneumoniae | 1 dose | 2nd dose | |||||
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis | 1 dose | 2nd dose | |||||
Meningococcal C Utachiona hweMeningococcal, kusanganisira meningitis | 1 dose | 2nd dose | |||||
Yero fivha | 1 dose |
2. Vana vari pakati pemakore 1 ne9 ekuberekwa
Muvana vane makore ari pakati pegumi nemapfumbamwe ekuberekwa, majekiseni ekudzivirira akanyanya kuratidzwa muchirongwa chekudzivirira ndea:
Mwedzi gumi nembiri | Mwedzi gumi nemashanu | Makore mana - mashanu makore | makore mapfumbamwe ekuberekwa | |
Katatu bhakitiriya (DTPa) Diphtheria, tetanus uye chikosoro | 1 Yekusimbisa (ine DTP) | 2nd Yekusimbisa (ine VOP) | ||
VIP / VOP Poriyo | 1 Yekusimbisa (ine VOP) | 2nd Yekusimbisa (ine VOP) | ||
Pneumococcal 10V Zvirwere zvinopisa uye acute otitis media inokonzerwa ne Streptococcus pneumoniae | Kusimbisa | |||
Meningococcal C Utachiona hweMeningococcal, kusanganisira meningitis | Kusimbisa | 1st kusimbisa | ||
Katatu hutachiona Masturu, mamota, rubella | 1 dose | |||
Chikeni pokisi | 2nd dose | |||
Hepatitis A | Imwe chete dose | |||
Utachiona tetra
| Imwe chete dose | |||
HPV Utachiona hwevanhu papilloma | 2 doses (vasikana kubva pamakore mapfumbamwe kusvika pagumi nemana ekuberekwa) | |||
Yero fivha | Kusimbisa | 1 dose (yevanhu vasina-vaccinated) |
3. Vakuru nevana kubva pamakore gumi
Muvachiri kuyaruka, vakuru, vakwegura uye vakadzi vane nhumbu, majekiseni anowanzoratidzwa kana chirongwa chekudzivirira chisina kuteverwa panguva yehucheche. Nekudaro, majekiseni makuru anoratidzwa panguva iyi ndeaya:
Makore gumi kusvika gumi nemapfumbamwe | Vakuru | Vakwegura (> 60 makore) | Ane pamuviri | |
Hepatitis B Yakaratidza apo pakanga pasina kubaiwa nhomba pakati pemwedzi 0 ne6 | 3 servings | 3 doses (zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekudzivirira) | 3 servings | 3 servings |
Meningococcal ACWY Neisseria meningitidis | 1 dose (makore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri) | |||
Yero fivha | 1 dose (yevanhu vasina-vaccinated) | 1 kushumira | ||
Katatu hutachiona Masturu, mamota, rubella Yakaratidza apo pakanga pasina mushonga wekudzivirira kusvikira mwedzi gumi nemashanu | 2 Dosi (anosvika makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe) | 2 doses (kusvika pamakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe) kana 1 dhosi (pakati pemakore makumi matatu nemakumi mashanu nepfumbamwe) | ||
Vakuru vaviri Diphtheria uye tetenasi | 3 Masero | Reinforcement yega makore gumi | Reinforcement yega makore gumi | Kushumira |
HPV Utachiona hwevanhu papilloma | Kushumira | |||
mukuru dTpa Diphtheria, tetanus uye chikosoro | 1 dose | Dosi imwe chete pakubata kwega kwega |
Tarisa vhidhiyo inotevera uye unzwisise kuti nei nhomba ichikosha.
Mibvunzo yakajairika pamusoro pemishonga yekudzivirira
1. Kudzivirirwa kwejekiseni kunogara kweupenyu hwese here?
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, memory yekuzvidzivirira inotora hupenyu hwese, zvisinei, kune vamwe, zvakafanira kusimbisa jekiseni, senge meningococcal chirwere, diphtheria kana tetenus, semuenzaniso.
Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti jekiseni rinotora nguva kuti riite, saka kana munhu akatapukirwa achangonwa, jekiseni rinogona kusashanda uye munhu anogona kuita chirwere.
2. Mishonga yokudzivirira inogona kushandiswa here pakuzvitakura?
Hongu.Sezvo vari boka rine njodzi, vakadzi vakazvitakura vanofanirwa kutora majekiseni, senge jekiseni rekudzivirira furuwenza, hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetenasi uye chikosoro, izvo zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira mukadzi ane nhumbu nemwana. Iko manejimendi yemamwe majekiseni anofanirwa kuongororwa pane imwe nyaya-ne-kesi uye uye yakatemwa nachiremba. Ona kuti ndeapi majekiseni anoratidzwa panguva yekuzvitakura.
3. Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere inoita kuti vanhu vafende here?
Kwete. Kazhinji, vanhu vanopfuura mushure mekugamuchira jekiseni vanokonzerwa nekuti vanotya tsono, nekuti vanonzwa kurwadziwa nekuvhunduka.
4. Ko vakadzi vari kuyamwisa vanogona kuwana majekiseni here?
Hongu. Majekiseni anokwanisa kupihwa vakadzi vanoyamwisa, kuitira kudzivirira amai kutapurira hutachiona kumwana, zvisinei zvakakosha kuti mukadzi atungamirirwe nachiremba. Mishonga chete inodzivirirwa kuvakadzi vari kuyamwisa ndeyeyellow fever nedengue.
5. Unogona here kuwana mushonga unopfuura kamwechete panguva imwe chete?
Hongu. Kuchengetedza mishonga inopfuura imwechete panguva imwe chete hakukuvadze hutano hwako.
6. Ndeapi majekiseni ekudzivirira zvirwere akasanganiswa?
Mishonga yekudzivirira yakasangana ndiyo inodzivirira munhu kubva pachirwere chinopfuura chimwe uye panodiwa jekiseni rimwe chete, sezvazvakaita hutachiona hutatu, tetraviral kana bhakitiriya penta, semuenzaniso.