Chii chinonzi Psychotropic Mishonga?

Zvemukati

• Kukurumidza chokwadi nezve psychotropic zvinodhaka
• Nei mishonga yekunyaradza kwepfungwa ichinyorerwa?
• Makirasi uye mazita epfungwa dzepfungwa
• Makirasi makuru epfungwa dzepfungwa, mashandisiro avo, pamwe nemhedzisiro
• Anti-kushushikana vamiririri
• Mashandiro avo
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa
• Chenjedzo
• SSRI mishonga yekudzvinyirira
• Mashandiro avo
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa
• Chenjedzo
• SNRI mishonga yekudzvinyirira
• Mashandiro avo
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa
• Chenjedzo
• MAOI antidepressants
• Mashandiro avo
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa
• Chenjedzo
• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Mashandiro avo
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa
• Chenjedzo
• Chaizvoizvo antipsychotic
• Mashandiro avo
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa
• Chenjedzo
• Atypical antipsychotic
• Mashandiro avo
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa
• Chenjedzo
• Mafungire ekudzikamisa
• Mashandiro avo
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa
• Chenjedzo
• Zvinokurudzira
• Mashandiro avo
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa
• Chenjedzo
• Njodzi uye yambiro yebhokisi dema kune psychotropics
• Kubatana kwezvinodhaka
• Zvemutemo nyaya dzakatenderedza psychotropic zvinodhaka
• Nguva yekutsvaga rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi
• Chinokosha

Iyo psychotropic inotsanangura chero chinodhaka chinokanganisa maitiro, manzwiro, pfungwa, kana kuona. Iyo amburera izwi kune akawanda akasiyana madhiragi, anosanganisira ekunyorerwa mishonga uye inowanzo shandiswa zvisirizvo zvinodhaka.

Tichatarisa pane zvakatemerwa psychotropics uye mashandisiro avo pano.

Iyo Kushungurudzwa Kwezvinodhaka uye Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Survey nezveKushandisa Zvinodhaka uye Hutano dhata yakawana kuti muna 2018, vanhu vakuru vane mamirioni makumi mana nemanomwe vane makore anopfuura gumi nemasere vakataura nezve hutano hwepfungwa.

Uku kwakatenderedza 1 muvashanu vanhu vakuru muUnited States. Vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nerimwe vakashuma chirwere chepfungwa chakakomba.

Hutano hwepfungwa uye hutano hwakanaka zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Psychotropic mishonga inogona kuve chikamu chakakosha chemidziyo inowanikwa kutibatsira kuti tigare zvakanaka.

Kukurumidza chokwadi nezve psychotropic zvinodhaka

• Psychotropics iri yakakura chikamu chemishonga inobata akawanda akasiyana mamiriro.
• Ivo vanoshanda nekugadzirisa mazinga emakemikari ehuropi, kana maurotransmitter, senge dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine, uye serotonin.
• Kune makirasi mashanu makuru epamutemo epfungwa dzepfungwa.
  • anti-kushushikana vamiririri
  • mishonga inodzvinyirira
  • antipsychotic
  • mafungiro ekugadzirisa
  • zvinokurudzira
• Zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera zvakakomba mhedzisiro uye zvine zvakakosha zvekutarisirwa zvinodiwa nevatapi vezvehutano.

Nei mishonga yekunyaradza kwepfungwa ichinyorerwa?

Mimwe mamiriro epfungwa ekurapa anosanganisira:

• kushushikana
• kuora mwoyo
• schizophrenia
• bipolar kusagadzikana
• matambudziko ekurara

Iyi mishonga inoshanda nekushandura maurotransmitter ekuvandudza zviratidzo. Kirasi yega yega inoshanda zvakati siyanei, asi vane zvimwe zvakafanana, futi.

Rudzi kana kirasi yemishonga inorayirwa nachiremba inoenderana nemunhu uye chaiwo zviratidzo. Mimwe mishonga inoda kushandiswa kwevhiki dzinoverengeka kuti uone mabhenefiti.

Ngatitarisei padhuze nemishonga yepfungwa uye mashandisiro avo.

Makirasi uye mazita epfungwa dzepfungwa

Makirasi makuru epfungwa dzepfungwa, mashandisiro avo, pamwe nemhedzisiro

Tichavhara muchidimbu makirasi uye zvimwe zvezviratidzo psychotropics inorapa.

Nguva dzose taura nachiremba wako nezvezviratidzo chaizvo zvauri kusangana nazvo. Vachawana nzira dzakanakisa dzekurapa dziripo kuti ikubatsire kuti unzwe zvirinani.

Izvi zvinosanganisira sarudzo dzisiri dzekuzvipira, senge kugona kuziva maitiro ekurapa.

Mimwe mishonga, senge antipsychotic mishonga, inogona kutora kuti ibatsire nekununurwa kwechiratidzo. Zvakakosha kupa mushonga mukana wekushanda usati waumisa.

Anti-kushushikana vamiririri

Anti-kushushikana vamiririri, kana anxiolytics, inogona kubata akasiyana marudzi ehutano hwekushushikana, kusanganisira yemagariro phobia inoenderana nekutaura pachena. Ivo vanogona zvakare kubata:

• matambudziko ekurara
• kutya kurwisa
• kunetseka

Mashandiro avo

Kirasi ino inozivikanwa se. Izvo zvinokurudzirwa kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi. BZD dzinoshanda nekuwedzera mazinga eGABA muuropi, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuzorora kana kudzikamisa mhedzisiro. Ivo vane zvakakomba mhedzisiro, kusanganisira kutsamira uye kurega.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa zveBZD zvinosanganisira:

• dzungu
• kutsimwaira
• kuvhiringidzika
• kurasikirwa nechiyero
• matambudziko ekurangarira
• yakaderera BP
• kunonoka kufema

Chenjedzo

Iyi mishonga inogona kunge iri tsika-inogadzira kana ikashandiswa kwenguva refu. Izvo hazvikurudzirwe kweanopfuura mavhiki mashoma.

SSRI mishonga yekudzvinyirira

SSRIs inonyanya kushandiswa kurapa mhando dzakasiyana dzekushungurudzika. Pakati pavo pane kushushikana kukuru uye chirwere chebipolar.

Kushungurudzika kunopfuura kunzwa kusuruvara kwemazuva mashoma. Zviratidzo zvinopfuurira zvinogara kwemavhiki panguva. Iwe unogona zvakare kuve nezviratidzo zvemuviri, senge nyaya dzekurara, kushaya nzara, uye kurwadziwa kwemuviri.

Mashandiro avo

SSRIs inoshanda nekuwedzera huwandu hweserotonin inowanikwa muuropi. SSRIs ndiyo yekutanga sarudzo yekurapa kwemhando dzakawanda dzekushungurudzika.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa

Zvikanganiso zveSSRIs zvinosanganisira:

• muromo wakaoma
• kusvotwa
• kurutsa
• manyoka
• kusarara zvakanaka
• kurema kuwedzera
• zvinetso zvepabonde

Chenjedzo

Mamwe maSSRI anogona kukonzera kukwidziridzwa kwemoyo. Vamwe vanogona kuwedzera njodzi yako yekubuda ropa kana iwe uri kushandisawo mishonga yekuchekesa ropa, senge nonsteroidal anti-anogumbura zvinodhaka seasipurini kana warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven).

SNRI mishonga yekudzvinyirira

Mashandiro avo

SNRIs inobatsira kubata kushungurudzika asi shanda zvishoma zvakasiyana pane SSRIs. Ivo vanowedzera zvese dopamine uye norepinephrine muuropi kugadzirisa zviratidzo. SNRIs inogona kushanda zvirinani kune vamwe vanhu kana SSRIs dzisina kuunza kugadzirisa.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa

Zvikanganiso zveSNRIs zvinosanganisira:

• musoro
• dzungu
• muromo wakaoma
• kusvotwa
• kusagadzikana
• matambudziko ekurara
• nyaya dzekuda kudya

Chenjedzo

Iyi mishonga inogona kuwedzera kuwedzera kweropa uye kurova kwemoyo. Chiropa chako chinofanirwa kutariswa paunenge uri pamishonga iyi futi.

MAOI antidepressants

Iyi mishonga yakura uye haisi kushandiswa kazhinji nhasi.

Mashandiro avo

MAOIs anovandudza zviratidzo zvekuora mwoyo nekuwedzera dopamine, norepinephrine, uye serotonin mazinga muuropi.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa zveMAOIs zvinosanganisira:

• kusvotwa
• kurutsa
• dzungu
• manyoka
• muromo wakaoma
• kurema kuwedzera

Chenjedzo

MAOIs anotorwa nezvimwe zvekudya zvine kemikari tyramine anogona kuwedzera kuwedzerwa kweropa kumatunhu ane njodzi. Tyramine inowanikwa mumarudzi mazhinji echizi, mapundu, uye mamwe mawaini.

Tricyclic antidepressants

Aya ndiwo mamwe emakirasi ekare eanodzvinyirira achiri kuwanikwa pamusika. Iwo akachengeterwa kushandiswa apo mishonga mitsva yave isina kushanda.

Mashandiro avo

Tricyclics inowedzera huwandu hweserotonin uye norepinephrine muuropi kugadzirisa manzwiro.

Vanachiremba vanoshandisawo tricyclics off-label kurapa mamwe mamiriro. Kunze-chitambi kushandiswa kunoreva kuti mushonga unoshandiswa kune mamiriro asina Kudya neDrug Administration (FDA) mvumo kune iwo mamiriro.

Kunze-chitaridzi kunoshandiswa kwe tricyclics inosanganisira:

• kuvhunduka kusagadzikana
• migraine
• kurwadziwa kusingaperi
• obsessive-inomanikidza kusagadzikana

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvinosanganisira:

• muromo wakaoma
• dzungu
• kutsimwaira
• kusvotwa
• kurema kuwedzera

Chenjedzo

Mamwe mapoka anofanirwa kudzivirira tricyclics. Izvi zvinosanganisira vanhu vane:

• glaucoma
• yakawedzera prostate
• nyaya dzehutachiona
• matambudziko emwoyo

Iyi mishonga inogona kusimudza shuga yeropa. Kana iwe uine chirwere cheshuga, ungatofanira kunyatsoongorora mashuga ako.

Chaizvoizvo antipsychotic

Iyi mishonga inobata zviratidzo zvine hukama neschizophrenia. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kune mamwe mamiriro.

Mashandiro avo

Chaiyo antipsychotic inovhara dopamine muuropi. Yekutanga antipsychotic mushonga mukirasi ino, chlorpromazine, yakaunzwa kupfuura. Ichiri kushandiswa nanhasi.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa antipsychotic zvinodhaka zvinosanganisira:

• kusaona zvakanaka
• kusvotwa
• kurutsa
• kunetseka kurara
• kushushikana
• kutsimwaira
• kurema kuwedzera
• zvinetso zvepabonde

Chenjedzo

Iyi kirasi yemishonga inokonzeresa-zvine chekuita nekufamba zvinodaidzwa kuti extrapyramidal mhedzisiro. Izvi zvinogona kuve zvakakomba uye zvinogara kwenguva refu. Zvinosanganisira:

• kudengenyeka
• kusadzora kumeso kumeso
• kuomarara kwemhasuru
• matambudziko ekufambisa kana kufamba

Atypical antipsychotic

Iyi ndiyo yemishonga inoshandiswa kurapa schizophrenia.

Mashandiro avo

Iyi mishonga inoshanda nekuvhara huropi makemikari dopamine D2 uye serotonin 5-HT2A receptor chiitiko.

Vanachiremba vanoshandisawo atypical antipsychotic kurapa zviratidzo zve:

• bipolar kusagadzikana
• kuora mwoyo
• Tourette chirwere

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa

Atypical antipsychotic ine zvimwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwedzera njodzi ye:

• chirwere cheshuga
• cholesterol yakawanda
• matambudziko ane chekuita nemhasuru
• kusazvibata kufamba, kusanganisira mhasuru mhasuru, kudedera
• sitiroko

Zvikanganiso zveatypical antipsychotic zvinosanganisira:

• dzungu
• kuvimbiswa
• muromo wakaoma
• kusaona zvakanaka
• kurema kuwedzera
• hope

Chenjedzo

Aripiprazole (Abilify), clozapine (Clozaril), uye quetiapine (Seroquel) ine nyevero yebhokisi dema kune yakanangana nechengetedzo. Pane njodzi yekuzviuraya pfungwa uye hunhu muvanhu vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere vanotora mumwe wemishonga iyi.

Mafungire ekudzikamisa

Vanachiremba vanoshandisa iyi mishonga kurapa kushushikana uye zvimwe kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, senge bipolar kusagadzikana.

Mashandiro avo

Iyo chaiyo nzira yekudzikamisa mamiriro ekushanda haisati yanyatsonzwisiswa parizvino. Vamwe vatsvagiri vanodavira kuti iyi mishonga inodzikamisa yakatarwa nzvimbo dzehuropi dzinopa shanduko yemafungiro ebipolar kusagadzikana uye mamiriro akafanana.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa

Zvikanganiso mhedzisiro yeanodzikamisa mafungiro anosanganisira:

• dzungu
• kusvotwa
• kurutsa
• kuneta
• matambudziko emudumbu

Chenjedzo

Itsvo dzinobvisa lithiamu kubva mumuviri, saka itsvo mashandiro uye nhanho dze lithiamu dzinofanira kuongororwa nguva nenguva. Kana iwe uine hurombo hweitsvo, chiremba wako angangoda kugadzirisa yako dose.

Zvinokurudzira

Iyi mishonga inonyanya kubata kushomeka kwekushomeka kwehutano kusagadzikana (ADHD).

Mashandiro avo

Zvinokurudzira zvinowedzera dopamine uye norepinephrine muuropi. Muviri unogona kukura kuvimba kana ukashandiswa kwenguva refu.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa

Mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro inosimudzira inosanganisira:

• matambudziko nehope
• kusadya zvakanaka
• kuonda

Chenjedzo

Zvinokurudzira zvinogona kuwedzera kurova kwemoyo uye kuwedzerwa kweropa. Zvinogona kunge zvisiri sarudzo yakanakisa kana uine matambudziko emoyo kana reropa.

Njodzi uye yambiro yebhokisi dema kune psychotropics

Iyo FDA inoda kune imwe mishonga kana makirasi emishonga. Izvi zvinogona kuve nekuda kwezvikonzero zvikuru zvitatu:

1. Ngozi yekuita zvakashata zvine njodzi inofanirwa kuyerwa pamusoro pekubatsira kwayo isati yashandiswa.
2. Kugadziriswa kwedosi kunogona kudikanwa kuitira kutsanangura kwakachengeteka.
3. Rimwe boka revanhu, senge vana kana vakadzi vane nhumbu, vangangoda kuongororwa kwakapamhama kuti vashandise zvakachengeteka.

Heano mashoma zvinodhaka uye makirasi ane mabhokisi yambiro. Iri harisi izere runyorwa rweyambiro. Gara uchibvunza chiremba wako kana wemishonga nezve chaiwo madhiragi mhedzisiro uye njodzi:

• Aripiprazole (Abilify) uye quetiapine (Seroquel) haisi FDA inogamuchirwa kuti ishandiswe mune chero munhu ari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere nekuda kwenjodzi yekuzviuraya pfungwa uye maitiro.
• Mushonga weantipsychotic unoshandiswa kune vakura vakuru vane dhimoni-inoenderana nepfungwa psychosis inogona kuwedzera njodzi yekufa.
• Zvinodzvinyirira zvinogona kukuvadza pfungwa dzekuzviuraya uye hunhu muvana nevechiri kuyaruka.
• Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinogona kukonzera kuvimba uye kupindwa muropa.
• Benzodiazepines inotorwa nemishonga yeopioid inogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuwedzeredza.
• Clozapine (Clozaril) inogona kukonzera agranulocytosis, chirwere chakakomba cheropa. Iwe unofanirwa kuve neropa reropa rakaitwa kuti utarise yako chena yeropa masero kuverenga. Inogona zvakare kukonzera pfari pamwe chete nemoyo nekufema matambudziko, izvo zvinogona kutyisidzira hupenyu.

Dzivisa kusanganisa psychotropic zvinodhaka nedoro. Mamwe makirasi, akaita seBZDs, antidepressants, uye antipsychotic mishonga, ane akakurisa sedating mhedzisiro nedoro. Izvi zvinogona kugadzira matambudziko nekuenzanisa, kuziva, uye kubatana. Inogona zvakare kunonoka kana kumira kufema, izvo zvinogona kutyisidzira hupenyu.

Kubatana kwezvinodhaka

Psychotropic zvinodhaka zvine kudyidzana kwakawanda nemimwe mishonga, chikafu, doro, uye pamusoro peiyo-the-counter (OTC) zvigadzirwa. Nguva dzose udza chiremba wako uye wemishonga mishonga yose uye zvinowedzera zvaunotora kuti udzivirire kusagadzikana.

Zvinodzvinyirira zvinodhaka senge amphetamine inosangana ne:

• SSRIs
• SNRIs
• MAOIs
• tricyclics
• lithium

Kubatanidza iyi mishonga kunogona kukonzera kuita kwakakomba kunonzi serotonin syndrome. Kana iwe uchida kutora ese maviri marudzi emishonga, chiremba wako anozochinja madosi kuti udzivise kusangana kwakashata.

• Vana. Mimwe mishonga ye psychotropic ine njodzi yakakwira yemhedzisiro muvana uye haisi FDA inogamuchirwa kuti ishandiswe muvana. Chiremba wako anokurukura njodzi maringe nekubatsira kwemimwe mishonga.
• Kubata. Pane ruzivo rwakaganhurwa pamusoro pekushandiswa kwe psychotropics panguva yekuzvitakura. Zvakanakira nenjodzi zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvakaringana kumunhu wega wega uye nemushonga wega wega. Mimwe mishonga, yakadai seBZD uye lithiamu, inokuvadza panguva yekuzvitakura. Dzimwe SSRIs dzinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuremara kwekuberekwa. SNRI kushandiswa mune yechipiri trimester kunogona kukonzera kubvisa zviratidzo muvacheche. Chiremba wako anofanira kunyatsoongorora iwe nemwana wako kana iwe uri kushandisa chero psychotropics.
• Vakuru vakuru. Mimwe mishonga inogona kutora nguva yakareba kuti muviri wako ujekese kana chiropa chako kana itsvo zvisiri kushanda zvakanaka. Iwe unogona kunge uchitora yakawanda mishonga, iyo inogona kupindirana kana kuwedzera njodzi yemhedzisiro kana kusagadzikana kusagadzikana. Muyero wako ungangoda kugadziriswa. Usati watanga chero mishonga mitsva, ita shuwa yekukurukura yako ese mishonga, kusanganisira OTC zvinodhaka uye zvinowedzera, nachiremba wako.

Zvemutemo nyaya dzakatenderedza psychotropic zvinodhaka

BZDs uye zvinokurudzira zvinhu zvinodzorwa nekuti zvinogona kukonzera kutsamira uye zvine mukana wekushandisa zvisirizvo.

Usambofa wakagovana kana kutengesa yako mishonga yemishonga Kune zvikwereti zvehurumende zvekutengesa kana kutenga zvisiri pamutemo iyi mishonga.

Iyi mishonga inogona zvakare kukonzera kutsamira uye inotungamira kumatambudziko ekushandisa zvinhu.

Kana iwe kana munhu waunoda ari munjodzi yekuzvikuvadza, svikira kuNational Suicide Prevention Lifeline pa800-273-TAURA kuti ubatsirwe.

Nekutsigirwa uye kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekunetseka kwekushandisa zvinodhaka, svika kune aya masangano:

• Narcotic Anonymous (NA)
• National Institute pamusoro pekushandisa zvinodhaka (NIDA)
• Kushungurudzwa Kwezvinodhaka uye Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

Nguva yekutsvaga rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi

Psychotropic mishonga inogona kuve yakakomba mhedzisiro. Mune vamwe vanhu, mhedzisiro inogona kuve yakaoma.

Dana chiremba wako kana 911 pakarepo kana iwe uine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi:

• zviratidzo zvako zviri kuwedzera (kushushikana, kushushikana, mania)
• pfungwa dzekuzviuraya
• kutya kurwisa
• kusagadzikana
• kusagadzikana
• kushaya hope
• kuwedzera kwemoyo uye kuwedzerwa kweropa
• kunzwa kushatirwa, hasha, chisimba
• kuita nekukurumidza uye chero imwe shanduko inoshamisa muhunhu
• pfari

Chinokosha

Psychotropics inovhara yakakura kwazvo chikamu chemishonga iyo inoshandiswa kurapa akawanda akasiyana marudzi ezviratidzo.

Ivo vese vanoshanda nekugadzirisa maseru eurotransmitter kukubatsira kuti unzwe zvirinani.

Mushonga unorayirwa nachiremba wako zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, senge zera rako, mamwe mamiriro ehutano aungave uine, mimwe mishonga yauri kushandisa, uye nhoroondo yako yekurapa yapfuura.

Haasi ese mishonga anoshanda ipapo ipapo. Dzimwe dzinotora nguva. Iva nemoyo murefu, uye taura nachiremba wako kana zviratidzo zvako zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera.

Kurukurai nezvese marapirwo, kusanganisira kugona kuzvibata, pamwe nemupi wezvehutano kukudziridzai chirongwa chakanakisa chekutarisira imi.