Euthanasia: Kunzwisisa Chokwadi

Zvemukati

• Kune mhando dzakasiyana here?
• Kubatsira kuzviuraya vs. euthanasia
• Inoshanda vs. pusa
• Kuzvidira vs. kusazvipira
• Euthanasia zviri pamutemo here?
• Euthanasia chokwadi
• Opinions
• Kuwanda
• Makakatanwa akakomberedza euthanasia
• Tsika nechitendero
• Chiremba kutongwa
• Maitiro
• Sarudzo yemunhu
• Matipi ekuita sarudzo

Chii chinonzi euthanasia?

Euthanasia inoreva kupedzisa nemaune hupenyu hwemumwe munhu, kazhinji kurerutsa kutambura. Vanachiremba dzimwe nguva vanoita euthanasia painokumbirwa nevanhu vane chirwere chisingarapike uye vari mukurwadziwa kukuru.

Iyo yakaoma maitiro uye inosanganisira kuyera zvinhu zvakawanda. Mitemo yemuno, hutano hwomumwe munhu uye hutano hwepfungwa, uye zvavanotenda uye zvavanoshuvira zvese zvinoita.

Verenga pamusoro kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve akasiyana marudzi euthanasia, paanoshandiswa, uye kwaari zviri pamutemo.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana here?

Kune akatiwandei marudzi euthanasia. Izvo zvinosarudzwa zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana, zvinosanganisira maonero emumwe munhu uye nhanho yekuziva.

Kubatsira kuzviuraya vs. euthanasia

Kuzviuraya kwakabatsirwa dzimwe nguva kunonzi kuzviuraya kwechiremba (PAS). PAS zvinoreva chiremba achiziva kubatsira mumwe munhu kupedza hupenyu hwavo. Munhu uyu anogona kunge achisangana nekutambura kusingaperi. Vanogona kunge vakagamuchirawo chirwere chisingarapike.Chiremba wavo anoona nzira inoshanda, isingarwadze.

Mune zviitiko, vanachiremba vachapa vanhu mushonga wavanogona kutora kupedza hupenyu hwavo. Muyero unouraya wemaopioid, semuenzaniso, unogona kupihwa izvi. Mukupedzisira, zviri kumunhu kuti asarudze kuti anonwa mushonga here.

Neeuthanasia, chiremba anotenderwa kupedza hupenyu hwemunhu nenzira dzisingarwadzi. Semuenzaniso, jekiseni remushonga unouraya ungashandiswa.

Inoshanda vs. pusa

Kana vanhu vazhinji vachifunga nezve euthanasia, ivo vanofunga nezvechiremba vachigumisa zvakananga hupenyu hwemumwe munhu. Izvi zvinozivikanwa sekushanda euthanasia. Nechinangwa kupa mumwe munhu chirwere chinouraya chekunyaradza kunoonekwa seanoshanda euthanasia.

Passive euthanasia dzimwe nguva inorondedzerwa sekumisa kana kudzikisira kurapwa kunotsigira hupenyu kuitira kuti munhu apfuure nekukurumidza. Chiremba anogona zvakare kupa anowedzera akawanda madosi emarwadzo-ekuuraya mishonga. Nguva yekuwedzera, iyo mishonga inogona kuve inotyisa.

Izvi zvinoita kuti musiyano uripo pakati pekungoita euthanasia uye palliative chengetedza. Kuchengetedza kwekuchengetedza kunotarisa mukuchengeta vanhu vakasununguka sezvinobvira kumagumo ehupenyu hwavo.

Semuenzaniso, chiremba anonyaradza anogona kubvumidza mumwe munhu ari kusvika parufu kuti arege kutora mushonga unokonzeresa mhedzisiro isingafadzi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanogona kubvumidza mumwe munhu kutora yakanyanya kuwanda dhizaini yekurapa mishonga yekurapa kurwadziwa kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinowanzo kuve chikamu cheyakaenzana chekuchengetedzwa kwakanaka. Vazhinji havazvioni se euthanasia.

Kuzvidira vs. kusazvipira

Kana mumwe munhu akaita sarudzo achiziva yekutsvaga rubatsiro nekugumisa hupenyu hwake, zvinofungidzirwa sekuzvidira euthanasia. Munhu wacho anofanira kupa kubvuma kwake kwakazara uye kuratidza kuti vanonyatsonzwisisa zvichaitika.

Kusazvipira euthanasia kunosanganisira mumwe munhu kuita sarudzo yekugumisa hupenyu hwemumwe munhu. Nhengo yepedyo yemhuri inowanzoita sarudzo. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kana mumwe munhu asingazive zvachose kana kusagadzikana zvachose. Zvinowanzoita euthanasia yekungoita, sekubvisa rutsigiro rwehupenyu kubva kune mumwe munhu asiri kuratidza zviratidzo zvechiitwa chehuropi.

Euthanasia zviri pamutemo here?

Vanhu vakaita nharo pamusoro petsika uye huchokwadi hweeuthanasia nePAS kwemazana emakore. Nhasi, mitemo nezve euthanasia nePAS dzakasiyana kumatunhu nenyika.

MuUnited States, PAS zviri pamutemo mu:

• Washington
• Oregon
• California
• Colorado
• Montana
• Vermont
• Washington, D.C.
• Hawaii (kutanga muna 2019)

Imwe yeaya matunhu uye Washington, DC vane zvakasiyana zvemutemo zvinodiwa. Haasi ese nyaya dzePAS zviri pamutemo. Uye zvakare, nyika zhinji parizvino dzine matanho ePAS pamavhoti emitemo, saka runyorwa urwu runogona kukura.

Kunze kweUnited States, PAS zviri pamutemo mu:

• Siwizarendi
• Jerimani
• Japani

Euthanasia, kusanganisira PAS, zviri pamutemo munyika dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira:

• iyo Netherlands
• Bherujiyamu
• Rukuzemubhogu
• Korombiya
• Kanadha

Euthanasia chokwadi

Euthanasia inyaya yemakakatanwa ari kuenderera mberi. Pakave nekuwanda kwakanaka kwekutsvaga kwakaitwa pamusoro pevanhu maonero pamusoro pazvo uye kuti kangani kanoshandiswa chaizvo.

Opinions

Ongororo ya2013 muNew England Journal of Medicine yakawana kuti 65 muzana yevanhu vari munyika 74 vairwisa PAS. MuUnited States, 67 muzana yevanhu vaipokana nazvo.

Nekudaro, ruzhinji mu11 yenyika 74 dzakasarudza vachida PAS. Uyezve, ruzhinji rwevavhoti mu18 U.S. States vakaratidza kutsigira PAS. Washington neOregon, izvo zvaive zvakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo PAS panguva yekuvhotesa, zvaive zvisiri pakati penyika gumi nesere idzi. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti maonero nezve euthanasia nePAS ari kukurumidza kuchinja.

Na2017, yekuongorora kweGallup yakawana shanduko huru mumaonero muUnited States. Vanenge zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zvevanhu vakaongororwa vakatsigira euthanasia. Imwe 67 muzana yakati vanachiremba vanofanirwa kubvumidzwa kubatsira varwere vanozviuraya.

Sezvineiwo, chidzidzo muUnited Kingdom chakawana kuti ruzhinji rwevanachiremba vakanga vasingatsigiri euthanasia nePAS yekuzvidira. Kupokana kwavo kukuru kwaive kwakanangana nenyaya dzechitendero.

Kuwanda

Munyika umo zviri pamutemo, yakawanikwa euthanasia inokonzera 0.3 kusvika 4.6 muzana yevakafa. Zvinopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvevakafa izvi zvaive zvine chekuita nekenza.

Kuongororwazve kwakawana kuti muWashington neOregon, vanachiremba vanonyora isingasvike 1 muzana yezvinyorwa zvekubatsirwa kuzviuraya.

Makakatanwa akakomberedza euthanasia

Kune akawanda makakatanwa ese ari maviri uye pamusoro peeuthanasia uye PAS. Mazhinji emakakatanwa aya anowira mumapoka mana makuru:

Tsika nechitendero

Vamwe vanhu vanotenda euthanasia kuponda uye vanoona zvisinga gamuchirwe nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehunhu. Vazhinji vanotiwo kugona kusarudza kufa kwako kunoderedza hutsvene hwehupenyu. Pamusoro pezvo, machechi mazhinji, mapoka ezvitendero, nemasangano ezvitendero vanopokana nekuuraya euthanasia nezvikonzero zvakafanana.

Chiremba kutongwa

PAS inongobvumirwa zviri pamutemo kana mumwe munhu aine pfungwa mupfungwa dzekugona kuita sarudzo. Nekudaro, kusarudza kugona kwemumwe munhu kwepfungwa hakuna kunyatsojeka. Mumwe akawana kuti vanachiremba havawanzo kugona kuziva kana mumwe munhu akakodzera kuita sarudzo.

Maitiro

Vamwe vanachiremba nevapikisi vePAS vane hanya nematambudziko ehunhu vangatarisana nawo. Kwemakore anopfuura 2 500, vanachiremba vakatora mhiko yeHippocratic. Iyi mhiko inokurudzira vanachiremba kuti vachengete uye vasatombokuvadza avo vari pasi pavo.

Vamwe vanopokana kuti mhiko yeHippocratic inotsigira PAS nekuti inogumisa kutambura uye haizounze zvakare kukuvara. Kune rimwe divi, kumwe kukakavadzana kunoguma nekukuvadza munhu nehama dzavo, avo vanofanirwa kuona mudiwa wavo achitambura.

Sarudzo yemunhu

"Rufu zvine chiremerera" isangano rinokurudzira paramende kutendera vanhu kusarudza kuti vanoda kufa sei. Vamwe vanhu havangodi kuenda kuburikidza nekufa kwenguva refu, kazhinji nekuda kwekunetseka kwemutoro waunoisa pane vadikani vavo.

Matipi ekuita sarudzo

Kuita sarudzo nezve PAS iwe kana munhu waunoda kwakaoma zvakanyanya, kunyangwe kana munhu wese abvumirana zvizere.

Iyo National Hospice uye Palliative Kuchengeta Sangano inopa akawanda emahara zviwanikwa pane yavo webhusaiti kuburikidza neayo CaringInfo chirongwa. Ichi chirongwa chakagadzirirwa kubatsira vanhu kufamba nenzira dzakaoma kumagumo ehupenyu, kubva kumitemo yenyika kusvika kutsigiro yemweya.

Sangano reNational Institute pamusoro peKuchembera zvakare rine zviwanikwa zvihombe. Ivo vanopa mibvunzo yakakosha yekubvunza uye matipi ekutaura kuna vanachiremba uye nevamwe vezvekurapa nezve kuguma-kwe-hupenyu kuchengetwa.