Zvinorevei kuti Mukondombera?

Zvemukati

• Maitiro ehutachiona hweHIV hunobata sei CD4 cell count
• Kuyera hutachiona hutachiona
• Zvinorevei hutachiona pamusoro pekutapurirwa kweHIV
• Kutapurirana pabonde
• Kutapurirana panguva yekuzvitakura kana kuyamwisa
• Kuchengeta hutachiona huwandu
• Kakawanda sei hutachiona hutachiona hunofanira kuongororwa?
• Kuchengeta vanhu pabonde vakachengeteka
• Kuwana rutsigiro mushure mekuongororwa kweHIV

Chii chinonzi hutachiona huwandu?

Hutachiona hweHIV huwandu hwehutachiwana hweHIV huchiyerwa muhuwandu hweropa. Chinangwa chekurapwa kweHIV kudzikisa huwandu hwehutachiona kuti huve husingaonekwe. Ndokunge, chinangwa ndechekuderedza huwandu hweHIV muropa zvakaringana kuitira kuti irege kuonekwa mukuyedzwa kwerabhoritari.

Kune vanhu vanorarama neutachiona hweHIV, zvinogona kubatsira kuziva hutachiona hweHIV hwavo nekuti hunovataurira mashandiro anoita mishonga yavo yeHIV (antiretroviral therapy). Verenga pamusoro kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hweHIV uye kuti zvinorevei nhamba.

Maitiro ehutachiona hweHIV hunobata sei CD4 cell count

HIV inorwisa CD4 masero (T-masero). Aya ndiwo masero eropa machena, uye iwo chikamu chema immune system. CD4 kuverenga inopa kuongororwa kwakaomarara kwekuti immune immune yemunhu ine hutano hwakadii. Vanhu vasina HIV vanowanzove neCD4 cell count iri pakati pe500 ne1 500.

Huwandu hwehutachiona hwepamusoro hunogona kutungamira kune yakaderera CD4 cell kuverenga. Kana CD4 kuverenga iri pazasi pemazana maviri, njodzi yekubatwa nechirwere kana hutachiona yakakwira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuve neakaderera CD4 cell kuverenga kunoita kuti zviomere muviri kurwisa hutachiona, kuwedzera mukana wezvirwere zvakadai sekutapukira kwakanyanya uye mamwe magomarara.

Kusarapwa HIV kunogona kukonzera kumwe kunetseka kwenguva refu uye kunogona kukura kuve AIDS. Zvisinei, kana mishonga yeHIV ikatorwa zuva nezuva sekurairwa, CD4 kuverenga inowedzera kuwedzera nekufamba kwenguva. Dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri inosimba nekukwanisa kurwisa hutachiona.

Kuyera huwandu hwehutachiona uye CD4 kuverenga kunoratidza mashandisirwo emushonga weHIV mukuuraya hutachiona muropa uye kubvumidza immune system kuti idzokere. Mhedzisiro yakanaka ndeyekuva nehutachiona husingaonekwe uye huwandu hweCD4.

Kuyera hutachiona hutachiona

Kuongororwa kwehutachiwana hutachiwana kunoratidza huwandu hwehutachiwana hwemamirilita 1 eropa. Kuongororwa kwehutachiona kunoitwa panguva iyo munhu anoonekwa aine hutachiona hweHIV kurapwa kusati kwatanga, uye zvakare nguva nenguva kuratidza kuti kurapwa kwavo kweHIV kuri kushanda.

Kukwidza CD4 kuverenga uye kudzikisa huwandu hwehutachiona kunoda kutora mishonga nguva dzose uye sekurairwa. Asi kunyangwe kana munhu akatora mishonga yake sekurairwa, mamwe marapirwo uye mishonga inopfuura-the-counter (OTC), zvinodhaka zvevaraidzo, nemishonga yemakwenzi yavanoshandisa dzimwe nguva zvinokanganisa kugona kwehutachiona hweHIV. Iyo inogara iri zano rakanaka kutarisa nachiremba usati watanga chero mishonga mitsva, kusanganisira OTC uye mishonga yemishonga uye zvinowedzera.

Kana kuyedzwa kuchiratidza kuti hutachiona hwemunhu hauna kuve husingaonekwe kana kuti hwabva mukusaonekwa kuti huonekwe, chiremba wavo anogona kugadzirisa yavo antiretroviral therapy regimen kuti igone kushanda.

Zvinorevei hutachiona pamusoro pekutapurirwa kweHIV

Iyo inowedzera huwandu hwehutachiona, hunowedzera mukana wekutapurira HIV kune mumwe munhu. Izvi zvinogona kureva kutapurira hutachiwana kune mumwe wako pabonde pasina kondomu, kune mumwe munhu kuburikidza nekugovana tsono, kana kumwana panguva yepamuviri, kusununguka, kana kuyamwisa.

Kana ikatorwa zvakaenzana uye nenzira kwayo, mishonga yemaARV inoderedza huwandu hwehutachiona. Uku kudzikira kwehutachiona kunoderedza mukana wekutapurira HIV kune mumwe munhu. Neimwe nzira, kusatora mushonga uyu nguva dzose kana zvachose kunowedzera mukana wekupfuudza HIV kune mumwe munhu.

Kuva nehutachiona husingaonekwe hazvireve kuti munhu arapwa, nekuti HIV inogona kuvanda mune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri. Asi, zvinoreva kuti mishonga yavari kutora inoshanda mukudzvinyirira kukura kwehutachiona. Kuenderera mberi kudzvinyirira kunogona kuwanikwa chete nekuenderera mberi kutora mushonga uyu.

Vaya vanorega kutora mishonga vari panjodzi yekuva nehutachiona hwehutachiona vanodzokera kumusoro. Uye kana huwandu hwehutachiona hukaonekwa, hutachiona hunogona kupfuudzwa kune vamwe kuburikidza nemvura dzemumuviri dzakadai semuna, kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi, ropa, uye mukaka wemuzamu.

Kutapurirana pabonde

Kuva nehutachiona husingaonekwe zvinoreva kuti njodzi yekutapurira utachiona hweHIV kune mumwe munhu ndeye, uchifunga kuti munhu aneHIV nemumwe wake havana hutachiona hweHIV.

Zvidzidzo zviviri zvegore ra2016, muThe New England Journal of Medicine, hazvina kuwana hutachiwana kubva kune mumwe anehutachiwana hweHIV uyo anga ari pamushonga weantiretroviral kwemwedzi mitanhatu kune mumwe asina HIV panguva yepabonde asina makondomu.

Nekudaro, vaongorori havana chokwadi nezvemhedzisiro yenjovhera panjodzi yekutapurirana hutachiona hweHIV muvanhu vanorapwa. Kuva neSTI kunogona kuwedzera mukana wekutapurira HIV kune vamwe kunyangwe hutachiona husingaonekwe.

Kutapurirana panguva yekuzvitakura kana kuyamwisa

Kune vakadzi vane nhumbu uye vanorarama neHIV, kutora mishonga yemaARV panguva yekuzvitakura nekuzvara kunoderedza mukana wekutapurira HIV kumwana. Vakadzi vazhinji vanorarama neutachiona hweHIV vanokwanisa kuva nevana vane hutano, vasina hutachiona hweHIV nekuwana rubatsiro rwakanaka rwekusununguka, izvo zvinosanganisira rutsigiro rwemaantiretroviral therapy.

Vacheche vanozvarwa naamai vane hutachiwana hweHIV vanowana mishonga yeHIV kwemavhiki mana kana matanhatu mushure mekuzvarwa uye vanoongororwa hutachiona mumwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga yehupenyu.

Sekureva kwaamai, amai vaneHIV vanofanira kudzivirira kuyamwisa.

Kuchengeta hutachiona huwandu

Izvo zvakakosha kuteedzera hutachiona hutachiona nekufamba kwenguva. Chero nguva iyo huwandu hwehutachiona hunowedzera, ipfungwa yakanaka yekuziva kuti sei. Kuwedzera kwehutachiona huwandu kunogona kuitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda, zvakadai se:

• kusatora mishonga yemaARV nguva dzose
• hutachiwana hwachinja (hwachinja genetiki)
• mishonga yemaARV haisi iyo chaiyo dosi
• kukanganisa kwebhu kwakaitika
• kuva nechirwere chakafanana

Kana huwandu hwehutachiona hunowedzera mushure mekusaonekwa panguva yekurapwa neantiretroviral therapy, kana kana ikasava isingaoneke zvisinei nekurapwa, mupi wezvehutano anogona kuraira kuwedzerwa kuyedzwa kuti aone chikonzero.

Kakawanda sei hutachiona hutachiona hunofanira kuongororwa?

Kuwanda kwehuwandu hwehutachiona kuyera kunosiyana. Kazhinji, kuongororwa kwehutachiona kunoitwa panguva yehutachiona hutsva hweHIV uyezve nekupindana kwenguva kuratidza kuti antiretroviral therapy iri kushanda.

Utachiona hwehutachiona hunowanzo kuve husingaonekwe mukati memwedzi mitatu yekutanga kurapwa, asi zvinowanzoitika nekukurumidza kupfuura izvozvo. Utachiona hwehutachiona hunowanzoongororwa pamwedzi mitatu kusvika kumitanhatu, asi hunogona kuongororwa kakawanda kana paine kunetsekana kuti hutachiona hunowonekwa.

Kuchengeta vanhu pabonde vakachengeteka

Chero hazvo huwandu hwehutachiona hwavo, iri zano rakanaka kune vanhu vanorarama neutachiona hweHIV kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira ivo nevanodanana navo Aya matanho anogona kusanganisira:

• Kutora mishonga yemaARVT nguva nenguva uye sekurairwa. Kana ikatorwa nemazvo, mishonga yemaARV inoderedza huwandu hwehutachiona, nekudaro ichideredza mukana wekutapurira HIV kune vamwe. Kana hutachiona hwangove husingaonekwe, njodzi yekutapurirana kuburikidza nebonde inyatsoita zero.
• Kuongororwa zvirwere zvepabonde. Tichifunga nezvekugona kwehutachiona panjodzi yekutapurirana hutachiwana hweHIV muvanhu vanorapwa, vanhu vaneHIV nevamwe vavo vanofanira kuongororwa nekurapwa zvirwere zvepabonde.
• Kushandisa makondomu panguva yepabonde. Kushandisa makondomu uye kuita zvebonde zvisingaite kuchinjana mvura yemumuviri kunodzikisa njodzi yekutapurirana.
• Tichifunga nezvePrEP. Vabatsiri vanofanirwa kutaura nemubatsiri wavo wezvehutano nezve pre-exposure prophylaxis, kana PrEP. Mushonga uyu wakagadzirirwa kudzivirira vanhu kubva mukutapukirwa neHIV. Kana ikatorwa sezvakarairwa, inoderedza njodzi yekuwana Mukondombera kuburikidza nebonde neanopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana.
• Kufunga PEP. Vabatsiri avo vanofungidzira kuti vakatove vakatarisana neHIV vanofanirwa kutaura nemubatsiri wavo wezvehutano nezve post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Mushonga uyu unoderedza njodzi yekutapukirwa kana ichinge yatorwa mukati memazuva matatu mushure mekugona kusangana neHIV uye ichienderera kwevhiki ina.
• Kuongororwa nguva dzose. Vane bonde vasina HIV vanofanira kuongororwa hutachiona kamwe chete pagore.

Kuwana rutsigiro mushure mekuongororwa kweHIV

Kuongororwa hutachiwana hweHIV kunogona kushandura hupenyu, asi zvichiri kuita kuti uve noutano uye ushande. Kutanga kuongororwa uye kurapwa kunogona kudzora huwandu hwehutachiona uye njodzi yekurwara. Chero kunetsekana kana zviratidzo zvitsva zvinofanirwa kuunzwa kutarisiro yemupi wezvehutano, uye matanho anofanirwa kutorwa kuti urarame hupenyu hune hutano, senge:

• kuwana kuongororwa nguva dzose
• kutora mishonga
• kurovedza muviri nguva dzose
• kudya chikafu chine hutano

Shamwari yaunovimba kana hama inogona kukutsigira mupfungwa. Zvakare, mapoka mazhinji emunharaunda anowanikwa kune vanhu vanorarama neHIV uye nevadikani vavo. Nharembozha dzemapoka eHIV neAIDS nehurumende dzinogona kuwanikwa paProjectInform.org.