Anemia

Anemia mamiriro ezvinhu umo muviri usina masero matsvuku eropa akagwinya. Masero matsvuku eropa anopa okisijeni kumatumbu emuviri.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzeanemia dzinosanganisira:

• Anemia nekuda kwekushomeka kwevhitamini B12
• Anemia nekuda kwe folate (folic acid) kushomeka
• Anemia nekuda kwekushomeka kwesimbi
• Anemia yechirwere chisingaperi
• Hemolytic kupererwa neropa
• Idiopathic aplastic kupererwa neropa
• Megaloblastic kupererwa neropa
• Anonemia anemia
• Sickle cell anemia
• Thalassemia

Iron kushomeka anemia ndiyo yakajairika mhando yeanemia.

Kunyangwe hazvo zvikamu zvakawanda zvemuviri zvichibatsira kugadzira masero matsvuku eropa, rakawanda rebasa rinoitwa mumongo wemapfupa. Bone mwongo ndiyo nyoro nyoro iri pakati pemabhonzo iyo inobatsira kuumba ese masero eropa.

Masero matsvuku eropa ane hutano anogara pakati pemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi maviri. Zvikamu zvemuviri wako zvino zvinobvisa masero eropa ekare. Hormone inonzi erythropoietin (epo) inogadzirwa muitsvo dzako inoratidzira pfupa rako kuti riite mamwe masero matsvuku eropa.

Hemoglobin ipuroteni inotakura okisijeni mukati memasero matsvuku eropa. Inopa masero matsvuku eropa vara ravo. Vanhu vane anemia havana hemoglobin yakakwana.

Muviri unoda mamwe mavitamini, zvicherwa, uye zvinovaka muviri kuti ugadzire masero matsvuku eropa. Iron, vitamini B12, uye folic acid ndizvo zvitatu zvezvakanyanya kukosha. Muviri unogona kunge usina zvakakwana izvi zvinovaka muviri nekuda kwe:

• Shanduko mumutsara wedumbu kana ura hunokanganisa magadzirirwo emanyowa (semuenzaniso, chirwere checliac)
• Kudya kwakashata
• Kuvhiya kunobvisa chikamu chedumbu kana ura

Zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera kupererwa neropa zvinosanganisira:

• Kushomeka kwesimbi
• Vitamin B12 kushomeka
• Kusakwana kwemunhu
• Mimwe mishonga
• Kuparadzwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa pakutanga pane zvakajairwa (izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nematambudziko ezvirwere zvemuviri)
• Yenguva refu (isingagumi) hosha dzakadai sechirwere chisingaperi cheitsvo, gomarara, ulcerative colitis, kana rheumatoid arthritis
• Dzimwe nzira dzekushaya ropa, senge thalassemia kana sickle cell anemia, inogona kugarwa nhaka
• Kubata pamuviri
• Matambudziko nemapfupa emapfupa akadai se lymphoma, leukemia, myelodysplasia, multiple myeloma, kana aplastic anemia
• Kunonoka kurasikirwa neropa (semuenzaniso, kubva kunorema kuenda kumwedzi kana maronda emudumbu)
• Kamwe kamwe kurasikirwa kweropa kunorema

Unogona kunge usina zviratidzo kana kupererwa neropa kuri munyoro kana kana dambudziko rikakura zvishoma nezvishoma. Zviratidzo zvinogona kutanga kuitika zvinosanganisira:

• Kunzwa kupera simba kana kuneta kazhinji kazhinji kupfuura zvakajairwa, kana nekurovedza muviri
• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Matambudziko ekuisa pfungwa kana kufunga
• Kushatirwa
• Kupererwa nechido
• Unhu uye kurira kwemaoko netsoka

Kana kushomeka kweropa kuchikura, zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Ruvara rwebhuruu kune vachena vemeso
• Zvipikiri zvinopwanyika
• Chido chekudya chando kana zvimwe zvisiri-zvekudya zvinhu (pica syndrome)
• Musoro wakareruka paunosimuka
• Ruvara rweganda rakachenuruka
• Kufema kwekufema nebasa rakapfava kana kunyangwe pazororo
• Rurimi runorwadza kana kuti rwakazvimba
• Muromo maronda
• Kujairika kana kuwedzera kubuda kwekuenda kumwedzi kune vanhukadzi
• Kurasikirwa kwechido chepabonde muvarume

Iye mupi achaita ongororo yemuviri, uye anogona kuwana:

• Moyo unogunun'una
• Yakaderera BP, kunyanya kana iwe ukasimuka
• Zvishoma fever
• Ganda rakachenuruka
• Kukurumidza kurova kwemoyo

Dzimwe mhando dzekushaya ropa dzinogona kukonzeresa zvimwe zvakawanikwa pakuongorora kwemuviri.

Kuongororwa kweropa kunoshandiswa kuongorora mamwe marudzi akajairika ekushaya ropa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Mazinga eropa esimbi, vhitamini B12, folic acid, uye mamwe mavitamini uye mamineral
• Yakazara kuverenga ropa
• Reticulocyte kuverenga

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kuitwa kuti uwane matambudziko ekurapa anogona kukonzera kupererwa neropa.

Kurapa kunofanirwa kunangidzirwa kuchikonzero chekushaya ropa, uye kunogona kusanganisira:

• Kuisirwa ropa
• Corticosteroids kana mimwe mishonga inodzvinyirira immune system
• Erythropoietin, mushonga unobatsira mapfupa ako kuita mamwe masero eropa
• Zvinowedzera zvesimbi, vhitamini B12, folic acid, kana mamwe mavitamini nemaminerari

Kuwedzera kweanemia kunogona kukonzera yakadzika oxygen mazinga munhengo dzakakosha senge moyo, uye zvinogona kutungamira kukundikana kwemoyo.

Fonera mupiki wako kana iwe uine chero zviratidzo zvekushaya ropa kana kujairika kubuda ropa.

• Masero matsvuku eropa - elliptocytosis
• Masero matsvuku eropa - spherocytosis
• Masero matsvuku eropa - akawanda masero masero
• Ovalocytosis
• Masero matsvuku eropa - jeko uye Pappenheimer
• Masero matsvuku eropa
• Hemoglobin

Elghetany MT, Schexneider KI, Banki K. Erythrocytic kusagadzikana. Mune: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis uye Management nemaLabhoritari Maitiro. 23rd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chits. 32.

Lin JC. Maitiro ekushomeka kweropa mumunhu mukuru nemwana. Muna: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Misimboti uye Maitiro. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 34.

Zvinoreva RT. Kusvika kune anemias. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 149.