Meningitis

Meningitis chirwere chema membranes anovhara uropi uye musana. Ichi chifukidziro chinonzi meninges.

Zvinonyanya kukonzera meningitis hutachiona hutachiona. Zvirwere izvi zvinowanzoita zvirinani pasina kurapwa. Asi, hutachiona hwehutachiona hwemeningitis hwakanyanya zvakanyanya. Zvinogona kukonzera kufa kana kukuvara kwehuropi, kunyangwe zvikarapwa.

Meningitis inogona kukonzerwa ne:

• Kemikari kutsamwa
• Kurwisa zvinodhaka
• Fungi
• Utachiona
• Mamota

Mhando dzakawanda dzehutachiona dzinogona kukonzera meningitis:

• Enteroviruses: Aya mavhairasi ayo anogona zvakare kukonzera chirwere chemuviri.
• Herpes mavhairasi: Aya ndiwo mamwe mavhairasi anogona kukonzera maronda anotonhora uye genital herpes. Nekudaro, vanhu vane maronda anotonhora kana genital herpes havana mukana wakakura wekuvandudza herpes meningitis.
• Mumpump uye hutachiona hweHIV.
• Utachiona hweWest Nile: Hutachiona uhu hunopararira nekurumwa neumhutu uye ndicho chikonzero chakakosha chehutachiona hwehutachiona hwenhengo dzemazhinji munzvimbo dzeUnited States.

Enteroviral meningitis inoitika kazhinji kupfuura bhakitiriya meningitis uye ine hunyoro. Inowanzoitika mukupera kwezhizha uye kutanga kwekutanga. Inowanzo bata vana nevakuru vari pasi pemakore makumi matatu. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Kunzwisisa kuchiedza (photophobia)
• Zvishoma fever
• Kushungurudzika mudumbu uye manyoka
• Kuneta

Bhakitiriya meningitis ndeyekukurumidzira. Iwe unozoda kurapwa nekukurumidza muchipatara. Zviratidzo zvinowanzouya nekukurumidza, uye zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Fivha uye kutonhora
• Mamiriro epfungwa anochinja
• Kusvotwa uye kurutsa
• Kunzwisisa kuchiedza
• Musoro wakanyanya
• Mutsipa wakaoma

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika nechirwere ichi:

• Kusagadzikana
• Kubhururuka fontanelles mune vacheche
• Kuderedza kusvinura
• Kudya kwakashata kana kutsamwa muvana
• Kukurumidza kufema
• Kugara kusingawanzo, nemusoro nemutsipa zvakatemerwa kumashure (opisthotonos)

Iwe haugone kutaura kana iwe uine hutachiona kana hutachiona hwehutachiona hwemanzwiro nemaonero aunonzwa. Anopa hutano hwako anofanira kuziva chikonzero. Enda kuchipatara chekukurumidzira dhipatimendi ipapo ipapo kana iwe uchifunga kuti une zviratidzo zvemanenjitisi.

Wako mupi achakuongorora. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza:

• Kukurumidza kurova kwemoyo
• Kupindwa nechando
• Mamiriro epfungwa anochinja
• Mutsipa wakaoma

Kana iye mupi achifunga kuti une meningitis, lumbar puncture (musana tap) inofanira kuitwa kubvisa sampu yemuzongoza (cerebrospinal fluid, kana CSF) yekuyedzwa.

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kuitwa inosanganisira:

• Tsika yeropa
• Chest x-ray
• CT scan yemusoro

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa kurapa hutachiona hwehutachiona. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya hairape hutachiona hwehutachiona. Asi mushonga weantiviral unogona kupihwa kune avo vane herpes meningitis.

Mimwe mishonga inosanganisira:

• Mvura kuburikidza nemutsinga (IV)
• Mishonga yekurapa zviratidzo, senge kuzvimba kwehuropi, kuvhunduka, nekubatwa

Kuongorora kwekutanga uye kurapwa kwebhakitiriya meningitis kwakakosha kudzivirira zvachose kukuvara kweetsinga. Viral meningitis kazhinji haina kukomba, uye zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kutsakatika mukati memavhiki maviri pasina matambudziko anogara.

Pasina kurapwa nekukurumidza, meningitis inogona kukonzera zvinotevera:

• Kukuvara kwehuropi
• Kuvaka kwemvura pakati pehenya nehuropi (subdural effusion)
• Kunzwa kurasikirwa
• Kuvaka kwemvura mukati mehenya iyo inotungamira kuhuropi kuzvimba (hydrocephalus)
• Kufenda
• Rufu

Kana iwe uchifunga kuti iwe kana mwana wako ane zviratidzo zve meningitis, tora rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi rwekurapa. Kurapa kwekutanga kwakakosha kumhedzisiro yakanaka.

Mamwe majekiseni anogona kubatsira kudzivirira mamwe marudzi ebacteria meningitis:

• Mushonga weHaemophilus (jekiseni reHiB) rinopihwa vana rinobatsira
• Pneumococcal vaccine inopihwa kuvana nevakuru
• Meningococcal vaccine inopihwa kuvana nevakuru; mimwe nharaunda inobata mishandirapamwe yekudzivirira mushure mekuputika kwechirwere chengono.

Nhengo dzemhuri uye nevamwe vari padhuze nevanhu vane meningococcal meningitis vanofanirwa kuwana maantibiotic ekudzivirira kutapukirwa.

Meningitis - bhakitiriya; Yomumuzongoza - nemavhairasi; Yomumuzongoza - chakuvhe; Meningitis - jekiseni

• Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - kubuda

• Chiratidzo chaBrudzinski che meningitis
• Chiratidzo chaKernig che meningitis
• Lumbar puncture (musana tap)
• Meninges europi
• Meninges yemuzongoza
• Haemophilus influenzae muviri

Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR. Chenjera yomumuzongoza. Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 87.

Nath A. Meningitis: hutachiona, hutachiona, uye zvimwe. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 384.