Izvo Zvaunofanira Kuziva Nezve Ruvara Hupofu

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi kupofara kwemavara?
• Kupofara kwemavara kwakawanda sei?
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekusaona kwemavara?
• Ndeapi marudzi ehupofu hwemavara?
• Kugara nhaka kupofomara
• Yakawana ruvara bofu
• Chii chinokonzera kupofara kwemavara?
• Nhaka
• Zvirwere
• Mishonga
• Zvimwe zvinhu
• Ruvara upofu hunoonekwa sei?
• Ndeapi maonero evanhu vane ruvara bofu?

Chii chinonzi kupofara kwemavara?

Ruvara kupofumadza kunoitika kana matambudziko ane ruvara-rwekuona pigments muziso zvichikonzera kuoma kana kutadza kusiyanisa mavara.

Ruzhinji rwevanhu vane colorblind havagone kusiyanisa pakati pezvitsvuku negirinhi. Kusiyanisa yellows uye blues zvinogona zvakare kunetsa, kunyangwe iyi fomu yekusaona kwemavara isingawanzo kuitika.

Mamiriro acho ari pakati penyoro kusvika pakukutu. Kana iwe wakazara colorblind, inova mamiriro anozivikanwa seachromatopsia, iwe unoona chete mune grey kana dema uye chena. Nekudaro, ichi chiitiko hachiwanzoitika.

Vazhinji vanhu vane hupofu hwemavara vanoona anotevera mavara mune machati machati pane matsvuku, magirini, uye teals zvinoonekwa nevamwe.

• yero
• gireyi
• beige
• bhuruu

Kupofara kwemavara kwakawanda sei?

Ruvara kupofumadza kunowanzoitika muvarume.Vakadzi vane mukana wekutakura chromosome isina kukwana inokodzera kupfuudza hupofu, asi varume vanowanzo gara mamiriro acho.

Sekureva kweAmerican Optometric Association, vangangoita masere muzana evarume vachena vanozvarwa vaine kushaya kwekuona kwemavara kana vachienzanisa nehafu muzana yemadzimai emarudzi ese.

Gore ra2014 pamusoro pekupofara kwemavara muSouth California vekuchikoro vakawana kuti kushaya kwekuona kwemavara kwakanyanya muvazhinji vasiri veSpanish vana vachena uye vashoma kwazvo muVatema vana.

Achromatopsia inokanganisa 1 muvanhu zviuru makumi matatu pasirese. Pakati peizvi, kusvika gumi muzana havaoni ruvara zvachose.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekusaona kwemavara?

Chiratidzo chakanyanya kuzivikanwa chekupofomara kwemavara ishanduko muchiono chako. Semuenzaniso, zvingave zvakaoma kusiyanisa pakati petsvuku negirobhu yerobhoti. Mavara anogona kutaridzika kunge akajeka kupfuura pakutanga. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemavara dzinogona kutaridzika zvakafanana.

Ruvara kupofumadza rinowanzoonekwa pazera diki apo vana vanenge vachidzidza mavara avo. Mune vamwe vanhu, dambudziko rinoenda risingazivikanwe nekuti ivo vakadzidza kubatanidza mamwe mavara nezvimwe zvinhu.

Semuenzaniso, vanoziva kuti huswa hwakasvibira, saka vanoshevedza ruvara rwavanoona rwakasvibira. Kana zviratidzo zvakanyorovera, munhu anogona kusaziva kuti havaoni mamwe mavara.

Iwe unofanirwa kubvunza chiremba wako kana iwe uchifungidzira iwe kana mwana wako ari colorblind. Ivo vanozogona kusimbisa kuongororwa uye kutonga kunze kwedzimwe nyaya dzakakomba dzehutano.

Ndeapi marudzi ehupofu hwemavara?

Kune matatu makuru marudzi eruvara hupofu.

Mune imwe mhando, munhu anonetseka kuudza musiyano uripo pakati pezvitsvuku negirinhi. Mune imwe mhando, munhu wacho anonetseka kuudza yero nebhuruu zvakaparadzana.

Rudzi rwechitatu runonzi achromatopsia. Munhu ane fomu iri haakwanise kuona chero mavara zvachose - zvese zvinoita segrey kana nhema uye chena. Achromatopsia ndiyo yakajairika fomu yekusaona kwemavara.

Ruvara hupofu hunogona kuve hwakagamuchirwa kana kuwanikwa.

Kugara nhaka kupofomara

Hupofu hwemavara hwakagara hwakajairika. Imhaka yekuremara kwemajini. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mamiriro acho anodarika kuburikidza nemhuri. Mumwe munhu ane vepedyo nhengo dzemhuri avo vari colorblind anowanzo kuve nemamiriro acho futi.

Yakawana ruvara bofu

Kuwana kupofomara kwemavara kunoitika mushure mehupenyu uye kunogona kukanganisa varume nevakadzi zvakaenzana.

Zvirwere zvinokanganisa iyo optic nerve kana iro ziso reziso rinogona kukonzera kuwanikwa kwemavara bofu. Nechikonzero ichocho, iwe unofanirwa kuchenjedza chiremba wako kana ako mavara ekuona achinja. Zvinogona kuratidza chakakomba chakakomba chinetso.

Chii chinokonzera kupofara kwemavara?

Iro ziso rine masero etsinga anonzi macones ayo anogonesa iyo retina, mwenje unonzwika kupenya kwetishu kumashure kweziso rako, kuti uone mavara.

Mhando nhatu dzakasiyana dzemakoni dzinotora akasiyana marefu ekuyera echiedza, uye yega yega mhando inopindura kune tsvuku, girini, kana bhuruu. Makoni anotumira ruzivo kuuropi kusiyanisa mavara.

Kana imwe kana yakawanda yemakoni aya mu retina yako yakanganisika kana isipo, unenge uchinetseka kuona mavara zvakanaka.

Nhaka

Ruzhinji rwekushomeka kwekuona kwemavara rwakagara nhaka. Inowanzo pfuura kubva kuna mai kuenda kumwanakomana. Hupofu hwerudzi hwakagarwa haukonzere upofu kana kumwe kurasikirwa kwekuona.

Zvirwere

Iwe unogona zvakare kuve neruvara hupofu semhedzisiro yechirwere kana kukuvara kune yako retina.

Ne glaucoma, kumanikidza kwemukati kweziso, kana kumanikidza kwemukati, kwakanyanya. Iko kumanikidza kunokuvadza iyo optic nerve, iyo inotakura zviratidzo kubva kuziso kuenda kuuropi kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuona. Nekudaro, kugona kwako kusiyanisa mavara kunogona kuderera.

Sekureva kwemagazini Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, kusakwanisa kwevanhu vane glaucoma kusiyanisa bhuruu neyero kwakacherechedzwa kubvira mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi19.

Macular degeneration uye chirwere cheshuga retinopathy chinokanganisa iyo retina, ndiko kunowanikwa macones. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kupofumara kwemavara. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinokonzeresa kupofomara.

Kana iwe uine cataract, iyo lens yeziso rako inochinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pane yakajeka kuenda kune opaque. Ruvara rwako rwekuona runogona kudzikira semhedzisiro.

Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa kuona zvinosanganisira:

• chirwere cheshuga
• Chirwere chePasinson
• Chirwere cheAlzheimer
• multiple sclerosis

Mishonga

Mimwe mishonga inogona kukonzera shanduko pakuona kwemavara. Izvi zvinosanganisira antipsychotic mishonga chlorpromazine uye thioridazine.

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ethambutol (Myambutol), iyo inorapa tibhii, inogona kukonzera matambudziko emitsipa uye kuomerwa nekuona mamwe mavara.

Zvimwe zvinhu

Ruvara kupofumadza zvakare kungave kuri nekuda kwezvimwe zvinhu. Chimwe chikonzero kuchembera. Kuona kurasikirwa uye kushomeka kwemavara kunogona kuitika zvishoma nezvishoma nezera. Pamusoro pezvo, makemikari ane chepfu akadai setyrene, aripo mune mamwe mapurasitiki, akabatana nekurasikirwa nekwaniso yekuona ruvara.

Ruvara upofu hunoonekwa sei?

Kuona mavara kune kuzviisa pasi. Hazvigoneke kuti uzive kana iwe ukaona matsvuku, magidhi, uye mamwe mavara nenzira imwecheteyo sevanhu vane chiratidzo chakakwana. Nekudaro, chiremba weziso rako anogona kuyedza mamiriro acho panguva yemazuva ese bvunzo.

Kuedzwa kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemifananidzo yakasarudzika inonzi pseudoisochromatic mahwendefa. Iyi mifananidzo inogadzirwa nemavara ane mavara ane manhamba kana zviratidzo zvakadzika mukati mawo. Ivo chete vanhu vane zvakajairika kuona ndivo vanogona kuona idzi nhamba uye zviratidzo.

Kana iwe uri colorblind, iwe haugone kuona iyo nhamba kana ungangoona imwe nhamba.

Zvakakosha kuti vana vaongororwe vasati vatanga chikoro nekuti zvizhinji zvekudzidzisa vana vachiri vadiki zvinosanganisira kuzivisa mavara.

Ndeapi maonero evanhu vane ruvara bofu?

Kana kupofumara kwemavara kukaitika semhedzisiro yekurwara kana kukuvara, kurapa icho chiri kukonzera chikonzero kunogona kubatsira kuvandudza kuona kwemavara.

Zvisinei, hapana mushonga weakagarwa nhaka kupofomara. Chiremba weziso rako anogona kunyorera magirazi akapendwa kana malensi anokwanisa kubatsira kusiyanisa mavara.

Vanhu vane colorblind kazhinji vanoziva kushandisa mamwe matekiniki kana kushandisa chaiwo maturusi kuita kuti hupenyu huve nyore. Semuenzaniso, kuyeuka marongedzo emwenje kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi parobhoti kunobvisa kukosha kwekusiyanisa mavara ayo.

Kunyora zvipfeko kunogona kubatsira mukuenzanisa mavara zvakanaka. Mamwe mapurogiramu esoftware anoshandura mavara emakomputa kuita ayo anoratidzwa nevachena.

Kugara nhaka kupofomara idambudziko reupenyu hwese. Kunyangwe ichigona kudzikisira tarisiro yemamwe mabasa, sekushanda semagetsi anofanirwa kutaurira mutsauko pakati pewaya akaiswa kodhi-mavara, vanhu vazhinji vanowana nzira dzekuenderana nemamiriro acho.