Makore Ekutanga manomwe eHupenyu Anoreva Chaizvo Zvese here?
Zvemukati
- Mumakore ekutanga ehupenyu, uropi hunokurumidza kukudziridza mamepu ayo system
- Zvipfeko zvekubatanidza zvinokanganisa mashandisiro anoita munhu hukama hweramangwana
- Pakazosvika makore manomwe, vana vari kuisa zvidimbu pamwechete
- Izvo 'zvakakwana zvakakwana' zvakakwana zvakakwana here?
Kana zvasvika pakukura kwemwana, zvakataurwa kuti zviitiko zvakakosha kwazvo muhupenyu hwemwana zvinoitika pazera remakore 7. Kutaura zvazviri, muzivi wechiGiriki mukuru Aristotle akamboti, "Ndipe mwana kusvika ave nemakore manomwe uye ndicharatidza. ndiwe murume wacho. ”
Semubereki, kutora dzidziso iyi pamoyo kunogona kukonzera mafungu ekuzvidya mwoyo. Hupenyu hwemwanasikana wangu hwese hwekuziva uye hwepfungwa hwakagadziriswa zvechokwadi mumazuva ekutanga e2,555 ekuvapo kwake?
Asi senge masitayera emubereki, dzidziso dzekuvandudza vana dzinogona zvakare kuve dzakare uye dzisingabvumidzwe. Semuenzaniso, mune, vana chiremba vaitenda kupa vana fomula zviri nani pane kuvayamwisa. Uye yakanga isiri nguva refu yapfuura apo vanachiremba vakafunga kuti vabereki vaizo "shatisa" vacheche vavo nekuvabata zvakawandisa. Nhasi, idzi mbiri dzidziso dzakadzikiswa.
Tine izvi chokwadi mupfungwa, tinofanirwa kushamisika kana zviripo ichangopfuura tsvakurudzo inotsigira pfungwa yaAristotle. Mune mamwe mazwi, pane bhuku rekutamba revabereki rekuona kubudirira kwevana vedu mune ramangwana uye mufaro?
Kufanana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvekurera, mhinduro haisi nhema kana chena. Nepo tichigadzira nharaunda yakachengeteka yevana vedu yakakosha, mamiriro asina kukwana senge kukuvara kwekutanga, kurwara, kana kukuvara hazvireve hazvo kuti hupenyu hwemwana wedu hwese. Saka makore manomwe ekutanga ehupenyu anogona kunge asingareve zvese, zvirinani kwete nenzira ine muganho - asi zvidzidzo zvinoratidza makore manomwe aya anobata kukosha mukukudziridza hunyanzvi hwemwana wako.
Mumakore ekutanga ehupenyu, uropi hunokurumidza kukudziridza mamepu ayo system
Dhata kubva kuHarvard University inoratidza kuti huropi hunokura nekukurumidza mukati memakore ekutanga ehupenyu. Vana vasati vasvitsa makore matatu, ivo vatove kugadzira mamirioni miriyoni ekubatanidza neural neminiti. Aya maratidziro anova ehuropi mepu system, inoumbwa nemubatanidzwa wezvakasikwa uye kukura, kunyanya "kushandira uye kudzoka" kudyidzana.
Mugore rekutanga remwana rehupenyu, kuchema zviratidzo zvakajairika zvekuchengetwa kwemuchengeti. Iyo yekushandira uye yekudzoka kudyidzana pano ndipo apo muchengeti paanopindura kuchema kwemucheche nekuvapa chikafu, kuchinja diaper yavo, kana kuvazunza kuti vavate.
Nekudaro, sezvo vacheche pavanova vadiki, shandira uye dzosa kusangana kunogona kuratidzwa nekutamba yekunyepedzera mitambo, futi. Aya kudyidzana anoudza vana kuti urikuteerera uye unobatana nezvavari kuedza kutaura. Inogona kuumba hwaro hwekuti mwana anodzidza sei tsika nemagariro, hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana, uye hukama ins uye kunze.
Semwana mudiki, mwanasikana wangu aida kutamba mutambo kwaaibvisa mwenje ndokuti, "Rara!" Ndaivhara maziso ndobva ndati kwire pamusoro pasofa, ndichimuita kusekerera. Ipapo aindiraira kuti ndimuke. Mhinduro dzangu dzaive dzichisimbisa, uye kusangana kwedu kumashure-uye-mberi kwakava moyo wemutambo.
"Isu tinoziva kubva neuroscience kuti mauroni anopisa pamwe chete, waya pamwe chete," anodaro Hilary Jacobs Hendel, chiremba wepfungwa anoongorora nezvekubatanidza uye kushungurudzika. "Neural kubatana kwakafanana nemidzi yemuti, hwaro uko kukura kwese kunoitika," anodaro.
Izvi zvinoita kuti zviite senge kushungurudzika kwehupenyu - senge kushushikana kwezvemari, kunetsana kwehukama, uye kurwara - zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kukura kwemwana wako, kunyanya kana vakanganisa kushanda kwako uye kudzoka kwekudyidzana. Asi kunyangwe kutya kwekuti rakanyanyisa kubatikana chirongwa chebasa kana kuti kukanganiswa kwemafoni mafoni kunogona kukonzera kusingaperi, mhedzisiro yakaipa inogona kunetsekana, havaite chero munhu mubereki akaipa.
Kupotsa pano neapo kushandira uye kudzoka cues hakuzokanganise mwana wedu uropi kukura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nguva dzekupotsa "dzakarasikirwa" hadziwanzo kuve dzisina kushanda mapatani. Asi kune vabereki vane zvinoramba zvichishungurudza zvehupenyu, zvakakosha kuti usaregeredze kubatana nevana vako mukati memakore ekutanga aya. Kudzidza maturusi senge kufunga kunogona kubatsira vabereki kuve vazhinji "varipo" nevana vavo.
Nekuteerera kunguva iripo uye kudzora zvinovhiringidza zvezuva nezuva, kutarisisa kwedu kuchave nenguva iri nyore yekutarisa zvikumbiro zvemwana wedu zvekubatana. Kushandisa kuziva uku hunyanzvi hwakakosha: Shandira uye kudzoka kudyidzana kunogona kukanganisa chimiro chekubatanidza chemwana, kukanganisa maitiro avanoita hukama hweramangwana.
Zvipfeko zvekubatanidza zvinokanganisa mashandisiro anoita munhu hukama hweramangwana
Maitiro ekubatanidza chimwe chikamu chakakosha mukukura kwevana. Dzinobva pabasa rezvepfungwa Mary Ainsworth. Muna 1969, Ainsworth akaita ongororo inozivikanwa se "mamiriro asinganzwisisike." Akacherekedza maitiro evana vakaita kana amai vavo vobuda mumba, uye nemabatiro avakaita paakadzoka. Kubva pane zvaakacherekedza, akagumisa kuti pane mana ekubatanidza masitayera vana vanogona kuva nawo:
- chengeteka
- kunetseka-kusagadzikana
- kunetseka-kunzvenga
- vasina kurongeka
Ainsworth akawana kuti vana vakachengeteka vanonzwa kushushikana kana muchengeti wavo achienda, asi akanyaradzwa pavanodzoka. Kune rimwe divi, vana vanonetseka-vasina kuchengetedzeka vanotsamwa mushandi asati aenda uye kunamatira pavanodzoka.
Vana vanonetseka-vanodzivisa havatsamwiswe nekushaikwa kwemutarisiri wavo, uye havafare kana vapindazve mukamuri. Ipapo kune kusabatana kwakarongeka. Izvi zvinoshanda kuvana vanoshungurudzwa mumuviri nemupfungwa. Kusabatana zvisina kurongeka kunoita kuti zviomere vana kuti vanzwe kunyaradzwa nevanochengeta - kunyangwe kana vachengeti vasina kukuvadza.
"Kana vabereki 'vakakwanira' kutarisira uye kuenderana nevana vavo, 30 muzana yenguva, mwana anowedzera kushamwaridzana kwakachengeteka," anodaro Hendel. Anowedzera achiti, "Zvakabatanidzwa kutsungirira kusangana nematambudziko ehupenyu." Uye chengetedzo yekubatanidza ndiyo yakanaka dhizaini.
Vana vakasungwa zvakachengetedzeka vanogona kunzwa vakasuwa vabereki vavo pavanoenda, asi vanokwanisa kuramba vachinyaradzwa nevamwe vanochengeta. Vanofarawo kana vabereki vavo vadzoka, vachiratidza kuti vanoona hukama hwakavimbika uye hwakavimbika. Sezvo vanokura, vakachengetedzeka vana vanovimba nehukama nevabereki, vadzidzisi, uye shamwari kutungamirirwe. Ivo vanoona kusangana uku senzvimbo "dzakachengeteka" uko zvavanoda zvasangana.
Maitiro ekubatanidza akaiswa pakutanga kwehupenyu uye anogona kukanganisa hukama hwemunhu kugutsikana mukukura. Sa chiremba wezvepfungwa, ndaona maitiro ekubatanidza maitiro emunhu anogona kukanganisa hukama hwavo hwepedyo. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vakuru vane vabereki vane hanya nezvavanoda kuchengetedzwa nekuvapa chikafu nepokugara asi vakaregeredza zvavanoda zvepamoyo vangangodaro vanokudziridza kushushikana-kunzvenga chimiro chekubatanidza.
Vakuru ava vanowanzotya kusangana kwepedyo zvakanyanya uye vanogona "kuramba" vamwe kuti vazvidzivirire kubva pakurwadziwa. Vakuru vanonetseka-vasina kuchengetedzeka vanogona kutya kusiiwa, zvichivaita vanononoka kurambwa.
Asi kuve neakanangana nesitayile yekubatanidza haisiriyo magumo enyaya. Ndakarapa vanhu vazhinji vasina kunyatso chengetedzwa, asi vakavandudza hutano hukama hwehukama nekuuya kuchirapa.
Pakazosvika makore manomwe, vana vari kuisa zvidimbu pamwechete
Nepo makore manomwe ekutanga asingatarise mufaro wemwana kwehupenyu hwese, huropi huri kukura nekukurumidza hunovaka hwaro hwakasimba hwekuti vanotaurirana uye vanofambidzana sei nenyika nekugadzirisa maitiro avari kupindurwa nawo.
Panguva iyo vana vanosvika, ivo vanotanga kupatsanura kubva kune vekutanga vachengeti nekuita shamwari dzevowo. Ivo zvakare vanotanga kushuvira kugamuchirwa nevezera uye vakagadzirira zvakakwana kutaura nezve manzwiro avo.
Mwanasikana wangu paakange aine makore manomwe ekuberekwa, akakwanisa kutaura chishuwo chake chekuwana shamwari yakanaka. Akatangawo kuisa pfungwa pamwechete senzira yekuratidza manzwiro ake.
Semuenzaniso, akambondidaidza "anorwadzisa moyo" nekuramba kumupa zviwitsi ndapedza chikoro. Pandakamubvunza kuti atsanangure "heartbreaker," akapindura nenzira kwayo, "Ndiwo munhu anokuvadza manzwiro ako nekuti haakupe izvo zvaunoda."
Vana-makore manomwe-makore vanogona zvakare kuita zvakadzama zvinoreva iro ruzivo rwakavakomberedza. Ivo vanogona kunge vachikwanisa kutaura nedimikira, kuratidza kugona kwekufunga zvakanyanya. Mwanasikana wangu akambobvunza asina mhosva, "Mvura ichamira kutamba riini?" Mupfungwa dzake, kufamba kwemadonhwe emvura kwakafanana nekutamba.
Izvo 'zvakakwana zvakakwana' zvakakwana zvakakwana here?
Zvinogona kunge zvisinganzwike kunge zvinoshuvira, asi kuva mubereki "kwakaringana" - ndiko kuti, kuzadzisa zvido zvevana vedu panyama uye nemanzwiro nekugadzira chikafu, kuvapinza mumubhedha manheru ega ega, kupindura zviratidzo zvekutambudzika, uye kunakidzwa nenguva dzekufara - zvinogona kubatsira vana kukura hutano hutano hwekubatana.
Uye izvi ndizvo zvinobatsira kuvaka yakachengetedzeka yekubatanidza chimiro uye inobatsira vana kusangana nematanho ekuvandudza mudanho. Pamusana pekupinda "tweendom," vana vane makore manomwe ekuberekwa vane hunyanzvi hwakawanda hwekusimudzira mabasa evana, vachigadzika danho rechikamu chinotevera chekukura.
Saamai, semwanasikana; sababa, semwanakomana - munzira dzakawanda, aya mazwi ekare anonzwika seyechokwadi saAristotle. Sevabereki, hatigone kudzora zvese zvehupenyu hwemwana wedu. Asi izvo zvatingaite kuzvimisikidza kuti zvibudirire nekuita navo semunhu mukuru anovimbika. Tinogona kuvaratidza mashandisiro atinoita manzwiro makuru, kuitira kuti pavanosangana nehukama hwavo hwakakundikana, kurambana, kana kunetseka kubasa, vanokwanisa kufunga kumashure kune zvakaitwa naAmai kana Baba pavaive vadiki.
Juli Fraga chiremba wepfungwa ane rezinesi anogara muSan Francisco. Akapedza kudzidza nePyD kubva kuYunivhesiti yeNorthern Colorado uye akapinda musangano wekudyidzana kuUC Berkeley. Anoshushikana nehutano hwevakadzi, anosvika pazvikamu zvake zvese nekudziya, kutendeka, uye tsitsi. Mutsvage pa Twitter.