9 Manyepo Nezve HIV / AIDS

Zvemukati

• Nhema # 1: HIV mutongo werufu.
• Nhema # 2: Unogona kuziva kana mumwe munhu aine HIV / AIDS nekumutarisa.
• Nhema # 3: Vakatwasuka vanhu havafanirwe kunetseka nezve hutachiona hweHIV.
• Nhema # 4: vanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV havagone kuita zvakanaka vana.
• Nhema # 5: HIV inogara ichitungamira kuAIDS.
• Nhema # 6: Nemishonga yese yazvino uno, HIV haisi nyaya hombe.
• Nhema # 7: Kana ndikatora PrEP, ini handidi kushandisa kondomu.
• Nhema # 8: Avo vanoongorora vasina hutachiwana vanogona kuita bonde risina dziviriro.
• Nhema # 9: Kana vaviri vakaroorana vane hutachiwana hweHIV, hapana chikonzero chekondomu.
• Iyo Yekutora

Zvinoenderana neazvino manhamba kubva kuCentre for Disease, Kudzora, uye Kudzivirira, kutenderera pasirese. Kunyangwe paine kuve nekufambira mberi kwakawanda mukutungamira kwehutachiona hweHIV mumakore ese, zvinosuwisa, zvakawanda zvisirizvo zvisipo nezve zvazvinoreva kurarama neHIV.

Takasvika kune nyanzvi dzinoverengeka kuti tinzwe maonero avo pane izvo zvisirizvo pfungwa dzevanhu muUnited States dzine pamusoro peHIV / AIDS. Nyanzvi idzi dzinorapa vanhu, dzinodzidzisa vadzidzi vezvokurapa, uye dzinopa rutsigiro kuvarwere vari kubata nechirwere ichi. Hedzino pfumbamwe dzepamusoro nedzidziso dzenhema idzo ivo, nevanhu vanorarama nehutachiona hweHIV kana chirwere cheAIDS, vanoramba vachirwisa:

Nhema # 1: HIV mutongo werufu.

"Nokurapwa kwakakodzera, isu tinotarisira kuti vanhu vane HIV vagare hupenyu hwakajairwa," anodaro Dr. Michael Horberg, director wenyika weHIV / AIDS yaKaiser Permanente.

"Kubva 1996, nekuuya kweanoshanda zvakanyanya, antiretroviral therapy, munhu ane HIV anowana mukana wakanaka weantiretroviral therapy (ART) anogona kutarisira kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika, chero bedzi vachinwa mishonga yavo yavakatemerwa," anowedzera Dr. Amesh A. Adalja, bhodhi-rakazivikanwa nachiremba chirwere chinotapukira, uye nyanzvi yepamusoro paJohn Hopkins Center for Health Security. Anoshandawo kuGuta rePittsburgh's HIV Commission uye paboka rinopa mazano reAIDS Free Pittsburgh.

Nhema # 2: Unogona kuziva kana mumwe munhu aine HIV / AIDS nekumutarisa.

Kana munhu akabata hutachiona hweHIV, zviratidzo zvacho hazvishamise. Munhu ane hutachiona hweHIV anogona kuratidza zviratidzo zvakafanana nechero imwe mhando yehutachiona, senge fever, kuneta, kana general malaise. Pamusoro pezvo, ekutanga zvinyoro zviratidzo kazhinji zvinongopedza mavhiki mashoma.

Nekutanga kwekutanga kwemishonga yemaARV, hutachiona hweHIV hunogona kuchengetedzwa nemazvo. Munhu ane hutachiwana hweHIV anowana mishonga yemaARV ane hutano hwakanaka uye haana kumbosiyana nevamwe vanhu vane hutano husingaperi.

Zviratidzo zvisina kujairika izvo vanhu vanowanzobatana neHIV ndizvo chaizvo zviratidzo zvezvinetso zvinogona kubuda kubva kuzvirwere zvine chekuita neAIDS kana matambudziko. Zvisinei, nemishonga yakakwana yemaARV uye mishonga, izvo zviratidzo hazvizove zviripo mumunhu anorarama neHIV.

Nhema # 3: Vakatwasuka vanhu havafanirwe kunetseka nezve hutachiona hweHIV.

Ichokwadi kuti HIV yakanyanya kuwanda muvanhurume vanewo varume vavanorara navo. Ngochani uye bisexual vechidiki vanhu vatema vane mwero wepamusoro wekutapurirana hutachiona hweHIV.

"Tinoziva kuti boka rine njodzi zvakanyanya varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume," anodaro Dr. Horberg. Iri boka rinoverengera nezve muUSA, zvinoenderana neCDC.

Nekudaro, vanoita bonde vanoita 24 muzana yehutachiona hutachiwana hweHIV muna2016, uye zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zveavo vaive vakadzi.

Nepo huwandu hweVarume ngochani uye bondexual varume vanorarama neHIV yakaramba yakafanana muUnited States, huwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV hwakadzikira kubva muna 2008 ne18 muzana. Kuongororwa pakati pevanhu vanoita zvepabonde vakawanda kwakaderera ne36 muzana, uye kwakaderera pakati pevakadzi vese ne16 muzana.

Vanhu vemuAfrica -America vakatarisana nenjodzi yakanyanya yekutapurirana hutachiwana hweHIV kupfuura chero rumwe rudzi, zvisinei nezvebonde ravo. , huwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV hweVarume vatema hunodarika kakapetwa kasere kupfuura varume vachena uye hwakatonyanya kumadzimai evatema; mwero wakakwira zvakapetwa ka16 mumadzimai evatema kupfuura vakadzi vachena, uye ka5 zvakapfuura vakadzi vechiSpanish. Vakadzi vemuAfrica -America vanobata HIV pane chero rumwe rudzi kana dzinza. Kubva muna 2015, zvikamu makumi mashanu neshanu kubva muzana zvevakadzi vairarama neHIV muUnited States vaive veAfrican-American, nepo 19% vaive Hispanic / Latina, uye 17% vaive vachena.

Nhema # 4: vanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV havagone kuita zvakanaka vana.

Chinhu chakanyanya kukosha icho mukadzi anorarama neHIV chaanogona kuita paanenge achigadzirira kubata pamuviri kushanda nemubatsiri wake wezvehutano kuti atange kurapwa kweART nekukurumidza. Nekuti kurapwa kweHIV kwafambira mberi zvakanyanya, kana mukadzi achitora mushonga wake weHIV mazuva ese sekurudzirwa nemubatsiri wezvehutano munguva yese yepamuviri (kusanganisira kusununguka nekusununguka), uye achienderera mberi nemishonga yemwana wake kwemavhiki mana kusvika matanhatu aberekwa, njodzi wekutapurirana hutachiwana kumwana hunogona kunge hwakafanana.

Kune dzimwewo nzira dzekuti amai vane hutachiwana vadzikise mukana wekutapurirana kana mukana wekuti hutachiwana hweHIV hwakwira kupfuura hwaanoda, sekusarudza chikamu cheC-c kana yekudyisa bhodhoro nefomula mushure mekuzvarwa.

Vanhukadzi vasina hutachiwana hweHIV asi vari kutsvaga kubata pamuviri nemurume murume anotakura hutachiona hweHIV vanogona zvakare kutora mishonga yakakosha yekubatsira kudzikisira mukana wekutapurira kwavari nekuvacheche. Kune vanhurume vane HIV uye vari kutora mishonga yavo yeART, njodzi yekutapurirana ingangoita zero kana huwandu hwehutachiona husingaonekwe.

Nhema # 5: HIV inogara ichitungamira kuAIDS.

HIV ndiyo hutachiona hunokonzera AIDS. Asi izvi hazvireve kuti vanhu vese vane hutachiwana hweHIV vanozoita AIDS. AIDS chirwere chekushomeka kwe immune system inova mhedzisiro yeHIV inorwisa immune system nekufamba kwenguva uye inosanganiswa nekushomeka kwekudzivirira immune uye hutachiona hunotora mukana. AIDS inodzivirirwa nekurapwa kwekutanga kwehutachiona hweHIV.

"Nemarapirwo azvino, huwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV hunogona kudzorwa uye kuramba hwakadzikira, kuchengetedza immune immune kwenguva yakareba uye nekudaro kudzivirira hutachiona hunobata uye kuongororwa kweAIDS," anotsanangura Dr. Richard Jimenez, purofesa wehutano hweveruzhinji paWalden University .

Nhema # 6: Nemishonga yese yazvino uno, HIV haisi nyaya hombe.

Kunyangwe paine kuve nekufambira mberi kwakawanda kwekurapa mukurapa kweHIV, hutachiona hunogona kungotungamira kumatambudziko, uye njodzi yekufa ichiri yakakosha kune mamwe mapoka evanhu.

Ngozi yekuwana Mukondombera uye kuti inobata sei munhu inosiyana zvichienderana nezera, murume kana murume, zvepabonde, mararamiro, uye kurapwa. CDC ine Risk Reduction Tool inogona kubatsira munhu kufungidzira njodzi yake uye kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira.

Nhema # 7: Kana ndikatora PrEP, ini handidi kushandisa kondomu.

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) imishonga inogona kudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV pamberi, kana ikatorwa zuva nezuva.

Sekureva kwaDr. Horberg, ongororo ya2015 yakabva kuna Kaiser Permanente yakatevera vanhu vachishandisa PrEP kwemakore maviri nehafu, ndokuona kuti yainyanya kudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV, zvakare kana ikatorwa zuva nezuva. Sangano reU.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) parizvino rinokurudzira kuti vanhu vese vari panjodzi huru yeHIV vatore PrEP.

Zvisinei, hazvidziviriri kubva kune zvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde kana zvirwere.

"PrEP inokurudzirwa kuti ishandiswe pamwe chete nenzira dzakachengeteka dzebonde, sezvo ongororo yedu yakaratidzawo kuti hafu yevarwere vari kutora chikamu vakaonekwa vaine hutachiona hwepabonde mushure memwedzi gumi nemiviri," anodaro Dr. Horberg.

Nhema # 8: Avo vanoongorora vasina hutachiwana vanogona kuita bonde risina dziviriro.

Kana munhu achangobva kuongororwa kuti ane hutachiona hweHIV, zvinogona kutadza kuongororwa kweHIV kusvika pamwedzi mitatu gare gare.

"Bvunzo dzechinyakare dzinoshandiswa pakurwisa masoja-chete dzinoshanda nekuona kuvepo kwema antibodies mumuviri anokura kana hutachiona hweHIV hwapinda mumuviri," anotsanangura Dr. Gerald Schochetman, director mukuru wezvirwere zvinotapukira neAbbott Diagnostics. Zvichienderana nemuedzo, hutachiona hweHIV hunogona kuwanikwa mushure memavhiki mashoma, kana kusvika pamwedzi mitatu mushure mekugona kuburitswa. Bvunza munhu ari kuita bvunzo nezve ino nguva yewindo uye nguva yekudzokorora kuyedzwa.

Vanhu vanofanirwa kutora kechipiri HIV kuongororwa mwedzi mitatu mushure mekutanga kwavo, kuti vasimbise kuverenga kwakaipa. Kana ivo vachigara vachiita bonde, iyo San Francisco AIDS Foundation inoratidza kuti vanoongororwa mwedzi mitatu yega yega. Zvakakosha kuti munhu akurukure nhoroondo yavo yepabonde nemumwe wake, uye kuti ataure nemubatsiri wezvehutano nezvekuti ivo newavakaroorana naye vakanaka here kuPrEP.

Dzimwe bvunzo, dzinozivikanwa seHIV combo bvunzo, dzinogona kuona hutachiona pakutanga.

Nhema # 9: Kana vaviri vakaroorana vane hutachiwana hweHIV, hapana chikonzero chekondomu.

kuti munhu anorarama neutachiona hweHIV ari pachirongwa chekare cheantiretroviral iyo inoderedza hutachiona kuenda kumatanho asingaonekwe muropa HAAKwanise kutapurira HIV kune mumwe wake panguva yebonde. Chibvumirano chazvino chekurapa ndechekuti "Isingaonekwe = Isingachinjiki."

Zvisinei, CDC inokurudzira kuti kunyangwe vese vari vaviri vaine hutachiwana, vanofanira kushandisa makondomu panguva yese yekusangana pabonde. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinokwanisika kuendesa hutachiwana hwakasiyana hweHIV kune mumwe wako, kana mune zvimwe zvisingawanzoitika, kupfuudza imwe mhando yeHIV inoonekwa se "superinfection" kubva padambudziko risingapindirane nemishonga yazvino yeART.

Njodzi yekutapukirwa noutachiona hweHIV ishoma kwazvo; CDC inofungidzira kuti njodzi iri pakati pe1 ne4 muzana.

Iyo Yekutora

Kunyange paine zvinosuruvarisa kuti hapana mushonga weHIV / AIDS, vanhu vaneHIV vanogona kurarama hupenyu hurefu, hune zvibereko nekuonekwa nekukurumidza uye nemishonga yakakwana yemaARV.

"Kunyange zvazvo mishonga yemaARV yazvino ingashanda zvakanyanya mukuchengetedza hutachiwana hweHIV pamwero wakaderera uye kudzivirira kuti isadzokorore nekuparadza immune system kwenguva yakareba, hapana mushonga weAIDS kana mushonga wekudzivirira HIV, hutachiona hunokonzera AIDS," anotsanangura Dr. Jimenez.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kufunga kwazvino ndekwekuti kana munhu achigona kuchengetedza hutachiona, ipapo HIV haifambe uye nekudaro haizoparadza immune system. Kune data rinotsigira hupenyu hupfupika zvishoma kune vanhu vane hutachiona hwekudzvinyirira uchienzaniswa nevanhu vasina HIV.

Kunyangwe huwandu hwevanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV hwawedzera, sekureva kwa, kuchine huwandu hunofungidzirwa zviuru makumi mashanu zvegore rega rega muUnited States moga.

Zvekunetsekana, "zviitiko zvitsva zveHIV zvakawedzera pakati pevamwe vanhu vanotambura vanosanganisira vakadzi vane ruvara, majaya anorara nevarume, uye vanhu vakaoma kusvika," sekureva kwaDr Jimenez.

Izvi zvinorevei? HIV neAIDS zvichiri kunyanya kunetsa hutano hweveruzhinji. Vagari vanotambura vanofanirwa kusvikwa kunovhenekwa uye kurapwa. Kunyangwe kufambira mberi mukuyedza uye kuwanikwa kwemishonga sePrEP, ino haisi nguva yekuregedza murindi wemunhu.

Mukuwirirana newe CDC):

• Vanopfuura mamirioni 1,2 vekuAmerica vane HIV.
• Gore rega rega, zviuru makumi mashanu zvevanhu vekuAmerica vanoonekwa
  neHIV.
• AIDS, iyo inokonzerwa neHIV, inouraya zviuru gumi nezvina
  MaAmerican gore rega rega.

“Chizvarwa chechidiki charasa kutya kweHIV nekuda kwekubudirira kwekurapwa. Izvi zvakavaita kuti vaite hunhu hune njodzi, zvichikonzera huwandu hwehutachiona mumajaya anorara nevamwe varume. ”

- Dr. Amesh Adalja